• Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. · Apr 2014

    Rapid generation of a mouse model for Middle East respiratory syndrome.

    • Jincun Zhao, Kun Li, Christine Wohlford-Lenane, Sudhakar S Agnihothram, Craig Fett, Jingxian Zhao, Michael J Gale, Ralph S Baric, Luis Enjuanes, Tom Gallagher, Paul B McCray, and Stanley Perlman.
    • Departments of Microbiology and Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240.
    • Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2014 Apr 1; 111 (13): 4970-5.

    AbstractIn this era of continued emergence of zoonotic virus infections, the rapid development of rodent models represents a critical barrier to public health preparedness, including the testing of antivirus therapy and vaccines. The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was recently identified as the causative agent of a severe pneumonia. Given the ability of coronavirus to rapidly adapt to new hosts, a major public health concern is that MERS-CoV will further adapt to replication in humans, triggering a pandemic. No small-animal model for this infection is currently available, but studies suggest that virus entry factors can confer virus susceptibility. Here, we show that mice were sensitized to MERS-CoV infection by prior transduction with adenoviral vectors expressing the human host-cell receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4. Mice developed a pneumonia characterized by extensive inflammatory-cell infiltration with virus clearance occurring 6-8 d after infection. Clinical disease and histopathological changes were more severe in the absence of type-I IFN signaling whereas the T-cell response was required for virus clearance. Using these mice, we demonstrated the efficacy of a therapeutic intervention (poly I:C) and a potential vaccine [Venezuelan equine encephalitis replicon particles expressing MERS-CoV spike protein]. We also found little protective cross-reactivity between MERS-CoV and the severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV. Our results demonstrate that this system will be useful for MERS-CoV studies and for the rapid development of relevant animal models for emerging respiratory viral infections.

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