• Stanislas Faguer, Morgane Saint-Cricq, Marie-Béatrice Nogier, Isabelle Labadens, Laurence Lavayssiere, Nassim Kamar, and Olivier Cointault.
• 1Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'organes, Unité de Réanimation, CHU de Toulouse, Hôpital Rangueil, Toulouse, France. 2Université Toulouse-3, Toulouse, France. 3Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1048 (équipe 12), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France. 4Pharmacology department, Unité de Pharmacie clinique, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
• Crit. Care Med. 2017 Nov 1; 45 (11): 1887-1892.

ObjectivesCritically ill patients who have a high risk of bleeding but require prolonged intermittent dialysis need a heparin-free easy-to-use alternative type of anticoagulation within the dialysis circuit. We assessed the safety and efficiency of heparin-free regional citrate anticoagulation of the dialysis circuit using a calcium-free citrate-containing dialysate, with calcium reinjected according to ionic dialysance.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCritical care units.PatientsCritically ill patients who required renal replacement therapy.InterventionsNone.Measurements And Main ResultsA total of 101 dialysis sessions were performed in 35 patients (mechanical ventilation n = 78; norepinephrine n = 13). Median duration of dialysis was 294 minutes (interquartile range, 240-300), and median ultrafiltration volume was 2.3 L (1-2.8). Urea and β2-microglobulin reduction rates were 64.5% ± 0.4% and 48% ± 0.13%, respectively. Postfilter ionized calcium was 0.35 ± 0.17 and 0.38 ± 0.14 mmol/L at 1 and 3 hours, respectively, within the extracorporeal circuit. A major clotting event that led to premature termination of the session occurred in only three of 101 sessions. In these three cases, major catheter dysfunction occurred before clotting within the circuit. Prefilter ionized calcium remained within narrow ranges (before/after change +0.07 ± 0.006 mmol/L), and total-to-ionized calcium ratio, a surrogate marker for citratemia, was unchanged.ConclusionsDialysis anticoagulation with calcium-free citrate-containing dialysate and calcium reinjection according to ionic dialysance is an easy-to-use, efficient, and inexpensive form of heparin-free regional anticoagulation. It allows prolonged hemodialysis sessions in critically ill patients without the need to systemically monitor ionized calcium. Furthermore, sessions can be safely extended according to the hemodynamic tolerance to ensure an adequate dose of dialysis and a negative water balance, a major point in patients with severe acute kidney disease.

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