• Donna-Ann Thomas, Praba Boominathan, Jyotsna Goswami, Sudipta Mukherjee, and Nalini Vadivelu.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street TMP 3, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
• Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2018 Jun 14; 22 (7): 52.

Purpose Of ReviewWith the rise of the opioid epidemic, anesthesiologists will find themselves faced with opioid-addicted patients more frequently. Addiction to opioids may also occur concurrently with abuse of other non-opioid medications. Our review article seeks to outline an armamentarium of pain management strategies in the perioperative period for these patients with addiction to opioid and non-opioid medications.Recent FindingsStatistics from the CDC demonstrate a shocking increase in opioid prescription rates and opioid-related deaths. Furthermore, opioid-addicted patients have notoriously undertreated pain in the perioperative period. A multitude of strategies are available in the perioperative period to treat pain in these patients. Formulating treatment plans for opioid and non-opioid-addicted patients undergoing surgery should include considerations in the pre-, intra-, and post-operative period. Our review article outlines several non-opioid modalities which may be employed to treat pain in these patients; however, particularly in the opioid-addicted population, the practitioner must be aware that non-opioids alone may not suffice to treat post-surgical pain. Consultation with pain management may be warranted to optimize opioid and non-opioid treatment for these patients.

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