• Kei Hamazaki, Akiko Tsuchida, Ayako Takamori, Tomomi Tanaka, Mika Ito, Hidekuni Inadera, and Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) Group.
• Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Toyama Regional Center for JECS, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan. Electronic address: keihama@med.u-toyama.ac.jp.
• Nutrition. 2019 May 1; 61: 194-201.

ObjectiveEmerging evidence from epidemiologic studies and clinical trials indicates that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may have a preventive or therapeutic effect on allergy, although the results remain controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between intake of fish and ω-3 PUFAs with risk for lifetime prevalence of physician-diagnosed allergy in a Japanese population.MethodsStudy participants were 78 621 pregnant women and 42 831 male partners from The Japan Environment and Children's Study. History of physician-diagnosed allergy (asthma, allergic rhinitis/pollinosis, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis) was determined by self-administered questionnaire survey. Dietary intake of fish and ω-3 PUFAs was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, an increased risk for allergy was found by multivariable logistic regression in females, especially in allergic rhinitis/pollinosis, allergic conjunctivitis, or atopic dermatitis for fish intake and in allergic rhinitis/pollinosis or allergic conjunctivitis for ω-3 PUFAs. As for male partners, risk for allergic rhinitis/pollinosis or atopic dermatitis was increased for both fish and ω-3 PUFA intake. No statistically significant results were observed for the risk for asthma in either women or men.ConclusionFish and ω-3 PUFA intake were associated with increased risk for some allergic diseases. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings in individuals with high fish consumption.Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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