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J Pain Symptom Manage · Oct 2019
Courses of change in good emotional preparedness for death and accurate prognostic awareness and their associations with psychological distress and quality of life in terminally ill cancer patients' last year of life.
- Siew Tzuh Tang, Wen-Chi Chou, Wen-Cheng Chang, Jen-Shi Chen, Chia-Hsun Hsieh, Fur-Hsing Wen, and Shih-Chi Chung.
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Nursing, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taiwan, R.O.C.. Electronic address: sttang@mail.cgu.edu.tw.
- J Pain Symptom Manage. 2019 Oct 1; 58 (4): 623-631.e1.
ContextEmotional preparedness for death is a distinct but related concept to prognostic awareness (PA). Both allow patients to prepare psychologically and interpersonally for death, but they have primarily been examined in cross-sectional studies.ObjectivesTo 1) explore the courses of change in good emotional preparedness for death and accurate PA and 2) evaluate their associations with severe anxiety symptoms, severe depressive symptoms, and quality of life in cancer patients' last year.MethodsFor this prospective, longitudinal study, we consecutively recruited 277 terminally ill cancer patients. Aims 1 and 2 were examined by univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equation analyses, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of good emotional preparedness for death was 54.43%-65.85% in the last year, with a significant decrease only 91-180 vs. 181-365 days before death (odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.67 [0.47, 0.97]). Good emotional preparedness for death was associated with a lower likelihood of severe anxiety symptoms (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.47 [0.27, 0.79]) and severe depressive symptoms (0.61 [0.39, 0.95]), but not with quality of life (β [95% CI] = 0.49 [-2.13, 3.11]). However, accurate PA improved substantially (55.12%-70.73%) as death approached and accurate PA was positively associated with severe depressive symptoms (2.63 [1.63, 4.25]).ConclusionGood emotional preparedness for death and accurate PA remained largely stable and improved substantially, respectively, in cancer patients' last year. Both measures were significantly associated with psychological distress. Health care professionals should not only cultivate accurate PA but also promote cancer patients' emotional preparedness for death, which may improve their psychological well-being.Copyright © 2019 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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