• Minji Kang, Song-Yi Park, Yurii B Shvetsov, Lynne R Wilkens, MarchandLoïc LeLLCancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA., Carol J Boushey, and Hee-Young Paik.
• Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Center for Gendered Innovations in Science and Technology Researches (GISTeR), Korea Federation of Women's Science & Technology Associations, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
• Nutrition. 2019 Oct 1; 66: 147-152.

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine associations of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with diet quality in a multiethnic population.MethodsThe analysis included 160 353 African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, Latino, and non-Hispanic white participants aged 45 to 75 y who entered the Multiethnic Cohort study by completing a comprehensive questionnaire in 1993 to 1996 and did not report cancer or heart disease. Diet quality was assessed using four diet quality indexes (DQIs): the Healthy Eating Index 2010, the Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, the alternate Mediterranean Diet, and the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.ResultsFor three DQIs, the Healthy Eating Index 2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, mean scores were significantly higher in women than men, whereas the mean score of the alternate Mediterranean Diet was significantly higher in men than women. In both men and women, older age, higher education, being physically active, and multivitamin use were associated with scores above the median of DQIs, whereas overweight/obesity, current smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption (≥2 drinks/d) were associated with scores less than the median of DQIs. Race/ethnicity had inconsistent associations according to the DQIs. Being widowed, being a previous smoker, and having a low body mass index (<20 kg/m2) were associated with scores less than the median of DQIs in men but not in women.ConclusionsDiet quality was associated with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in men and women. The associations with several factors, such as marital status, body mass index, and smoking status, differed by sex. These findings may help to identify at-risk populations for nutritional screening and to develop nutritional intervention strategies and educational materials.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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