• Christian Karagiannidis, Michaela L Merten, Leo Heunks, Stephan E Strassmann, Simone Schäfer, Friederike Magnet, and Wolfram Windisch.
• Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Cologne-Merheim Hospital, Kliniken der Stadt Köln GmbH, Witten/Herdecke University Hospital, Ostmerheimer Strasse 200, D-51109, Cologne, Germany. Christian.Karagiannidis@uni-wh.de.
• BMC Anesthesiol. 2019 Aug 9; 19 (1): 147.

BackgroundThe current study investigates the effect of bronchoscopy-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) on the evolution of respiratory acidosis depending on endotracheal tube (ET) sizes. In addition, the impact of increasing tidal volumes during the intervention was investigated.MethodsTwo groups of ICU-patients undergoing bronchoscopy-guided PDT with varying tidal volumes and tube sizes were consecutively investigated: 6 ml/kg (N = 29, mean age 57.4 ± 14.5 years) and 12 ml/kg predicted body weight (N = 34, mean age 59.5 ± 12.8 years).ResultsThe mean intervention time during all procedures was 10 ± 3 min. The combination of low tidal volumes and ETs of 7.5 mm internal diameter resulted in the most profound increase in PaCO2 (32.2 ± 11.6 mmHg) and decrease in pH-value (- 0.18 ± 0.05). In contrast, the combination of high tidal volumes and ETs of 8.5 mm internal diameter resulted in the least profound increase in PaCO2 (8.8 ± 9.0 mmHg) and decrease of pH (- 0.05 ± 0.04). The intervention-related increase in PaCO2 was significantly lower when using higher tidal volumes for larger ET: internal diameter 7.5, 8.0 and 8.5: P > 0.05, =0.006 and = 0.002, respectively. Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring revealed steadily worsening hypercapnia during the intervention with a high correlation of 0.87 and a low bias of 0.7 ± 9.4 mmHg according to the Bland-Altman analysis when compared to PaCO2 measurements.ConclusionsProfound respiratory acidosis following bronchoscopy-guided PDT evolves in a rapid and dynamic process. Increasing the tidal volume from 6 to 12 ml/kg PBW was capable of attenuating the evolution of respiratory acidosis, but this effect was only evident when using larger ETs.Trial RegistrationDRKS00011004 . Registered 20th September 2016.

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