• Roberta Domizi, Sara Calcinaro, Steve Harris, Christian Beilstein, Christiaan Boerma, Jean-Daniel Chiche, Annalia D'Egidio, Elisa Damiani, Abele Donati, Peter M Koetsier, Mary P Madden, Daniel F McAuley, Andrea Morelli, Paolo Pelaia, Patrick Royer, Manu Shankar-Hari, Nadine Wickboldt, Parjam Zolfaghari, and Mervyn Singer.
• Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK; Department of Biomedical Science and Public Health, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.
• J Crit Care. 2020 Jun 1; 57: 185-190.

PurposeSeptic shock is associated with massive release of endogenous catecholamines. Adrenergic agents may exacerbate catecholamine toxicity and contribute to poor outcomes. We sought to determine whether an association existed between tachycardia and mortality in septic shock patients requiring norepinephrine for more than 6 h despite adequate volume resuscitation.Materials And MethodsMulticentre retrospective observational study on 730 adult patients in septic shock consecutively admitted to eight European ICUs between 2011 and 2013. Three timepoints were selected: T1 (first hour of infusion of norepinephrine), Tpeak (time of highest dose during the first 24 h of treatment), and T24 (24-h post-T1). Binary logistic regression models were constructed for the three time-points.ResultsOverall ICU mortality was 38.4%. Mortality was higher in those requiring high-dose (≥0.3 mcg/kg/min) versus low-dose (<0.3 mcg/kg/min) norepinephrine at T1 (53.4% vs 30.6%; p < 0.001) and T24 (61.4% vs 20.4%; p < 0.0001). Patients requiring high-dose with concurrent tachycardia had higher mortality at T1; in the low-dose group tachycardia was not associated with mortality. Resolving tachycardia (from T1 to T24) was associated with lower mortality compared to patients where tachycardia persisted (27.8% vs 46.4%; p = 0.001).ConclusionsUse of high-dose norepinephrine and concurrent tachycardia are associated with poor outcomes in septic shock.Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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