• Ping Chang, Yuping Liao, Jianbin Guan, Yuexun Guo, Ming Zhao, Jianmin Hu, Jian Zhou, Hua Wang, Zhongran Cen, Ying Tang, and Zhanguo Liu.
• Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou.
• Chest. 2020 Jul 1; 158 (1): 174-182.

BackgroundWhether hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine treatment can reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis is controversial.Research QuestionTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine combination treatment for patients with sepsis or septic shock (HYVCTTSSS).Study Design And MethodsThis single-blind, randomized controlled trial evaluated treatment with hydrocortisone (50 mg every 6 h for 7 days), vitamin C (1.5 g every 6 h for 4 days), and thiamine (200 mg every 12 h for 4 days) vs placebo (normal saline) in patients with sepsis. The intention-to-treat analysis was used. Primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, and secondary outcomes were organ protection, procalcitonin reduction, and adverse events related to hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine.ResultsEighty patients were randomized to receive combination treatment (n = 40) or normal saline (n = 40). No difference in 28-day all-cause mortality was observed (27.5% vs 35%, respectively; P = .47); however, treatment was associated with a significant improvement of 72-h change in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (P = .02). In adverse events analysis, the treatment group exhibited more incidents of hypernatremia (P = .005). In prespecified subgroup analysis, patients of the treatment subgroup diagnosed with sepsis within 48 h showed lower mortality than those in the control subgroup (P = .02). The study was terminated after the midterm analysis.InterpretationAmong patients with sepsis or septic shock, the combination of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine did not reduce mortality compared with placebo.Trial RegistryClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03258684; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.Copyright © 2020 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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