Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Oct 2021
Exosomes derived from LPS-induced MHs cells prompted an inflammatory response in sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
Exosome is a novel tool with an essential role in cell communication. However, its role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced acute lung injury is currently unknown. Here, we first found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) could up-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote exosomes release in the murine alveolar macrophage cell line (MHs cells). ⋯ Treating with hydrochloride hydrate (GW4869) could dose-dependently downregulated the release of exosomes and inhibited the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in MHs cells with LPS treatment. Also, we further identified GW4869 administration induced the remission of histopathologic changes, the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue, and inhibit serum exosomes release. These results indicate that the downregulation of exosome release by GW4869 might protect lung tissue from LPS induced injury through the suppression of excessive inflammatory responses, suggesting its potential therapeutic effects on sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Jun 2021
ReviewUse of exogenous pulmonary surfactant in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): Role in SARS-CoV-2-related lung injury.
Several pre-clinical and clinical trials show that exogenous pulmonary surfactant has clinical efficacy in inflammatory lung diseases, especially ARDS. By infecting type II alveolar cells, COVID-19 interferes with the production and secretion of the pulmonary surfactant and therefore causes an increase in surface tension, which in turn can lead to alveolar collapse. ⋯ COVID-19 causes lung damage and ARDS, so beneficial effects of surfactant therapy in COVID-19-associated ARDS patients are conceivable, especially when applied early in the treatment strategy against pulmonary failure. Because of the robust anti-inflammatory and lung protective efficacy and the current urgent need for lung-supportive therapy, the exogenous pulmonary surfactant could be a valid supportive treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia patients in intensive care units in addition to the current standard of ARDS treatment.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · May 2021
Effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation in COVID-19 respiratory failure patients post-ICU.
Some COVID-19 patients develop respiratory failure requiring admission to intensive care unit (ICU). We aim to evaluate the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) post-ICU in COVID-19 patients. ⋯ PR induced large functional improvements in COVID-19 patients post-ICU although significant physical and psychosocial impairments remained post-PR.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Mar 2021
Analysis of inspiratory and expiratory muscles using ultrasound in rats: A reproducible and non-invasive tool to study respiratory function.
Ultrasound imaging is a non-invasive technique to assess organ function. Its potential application in rodents to evaluate respiratory function remains poorly investigated. We aimed to assess and validate ultrasound technique in rats to analyze inspiratory and expiratory muscles. ⋯ The tidal volume was significantly correlated with the right + left RA area (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), and the rapid shallow breathing index was significantly and inversely correlated with the right + left RA area (r=-0.53, p < 0.05). In the supine position, the right and left diaphragm expiratory thickness were not associated with tidal volume obtained in the physiological position. Ultrasound imaging is highly accurate and reproducible to assess and follow up diaphragm and RA structure and function in rats.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Feb 2021
Observational StudyDiaphragmatic thickening fraction as a potential predictor of response to continuous positive airway pressure ventilation in Covid-19 pneumonia: A single-center pilot study.
In a variable number of Covid-19 patients with acute respiratory failure, non-invasive breathing support strategies cannot provide adequate oxygenation, thus making invasive mechanical ventilation necessary. Factors predicting this unfavorable outcome are unknown, but we hypothesized that diaphragmatic weakness may contribute. ⋯ In critically ill patients with Covid-19 respiratory failure admitted to ICU, a reduced DTF could be a potential predictor of CPAP failure and requirement of invasive ventilation.