Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Jan 2021
ReviewAngiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): COVID 19 gate way to multiple organ failure syndromes.
Globally, the current medical emergency for novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) leads to respiratory distress syndrome and death. ⋯ The widespread and vicious combinations of cytokines with organ crosstalk contribute to systemic hyper inflammation and ultimately lead to multiple organ dysfunction (Fig. 1). This comprehensive study comprises various manifestations of different organs in COVID-19 and may assist the clinicians and scientists pertaining to a broad approach to fight COVID 19.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Nov 2020
Randomized Controlled TrialInspiratory neural drive and dyspnea in interstitial lung disease: Effect of inhaled fentanyl.
Exertional dyspnea in interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains difficult to manage despite advances in disease-targeted therapies. Pulmonary opioid receptors present a potential therapeutic target for nebulized fentanyl to provide dyspnea relief. ⋯ IND rose sharply during constant work rate exercise in association with dyspnea intensity in mild to moderate ILD but was not different after nebulized fentanyl compared with placebo.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Oct 2020
Acute cardiopulmonary responses during expert trumpet performance.
Lung function and vascular effects of expert trumpet performance has not been elucidated. Airway mechanics, gas exchange and cardiovascular function were investigated in expert trumpeters during a challenging performance. Respiratory impedance was measured in expert trumpeters and violinist controls prior to and following performance. ⋯ Trumpet performance at an expert level does not have an acute effect on airway mechanics and gas exchange was maintained. Repetitive increased intrathoracic pressure during performance resulted in marked heart rate and vagal tone variability. This study reveals the high demands placed on autonomic modulation of the cardiac response to expert trumpet performance.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Sep 2020
Observational StudyNon-invasive CPAP in mild and moderate ARDS secondary to SARS-CoV-2.
During the COVID-19 outbreak, a very high number of infected patients developed pneumonia and many of them complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. The optimal management of respiratory failure and the role of lung ultrasound imaging in the evaluation of efficacy of treatment are unknown. ⋯ NI- CPAP is a valid therapeutic option in mild and moderate ARDS secondary SARS-CoV-2. Lung recruitment detected by means of lung ultrasound is a relevant but not the exclusive mechanism that underlies the therapeutic efficacy of NI-CPAP in this clinical setting.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Sep 2020
Activation of μ-opioid receptors differentially affects the preBötzinger Complex and neighbouring regions of the respiratory network in the adult rabbit.
The role of the different components of the respiratory network in the mediation of opioid-induced respiratory depression is still unclear. We investigated the contribution of the preBötzinger Complex (preBötC) and the neighbouring Bötzinger Complex (BötC) and inspiratory portion of the ventral respiratory group (iVRG) in anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated adult rabbits making use of bilateral microinjections (30-50 nl) of the μ-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO). Dose-dependent effects were observed. ⋯ In the iVRG DAMGO provoked decreases in amplitude and frequency of phrenic bursts at 0.1 mM and apnea at 0.5 mM. Local 5 mM naloxone reversed the apneic effects. The results imply that different components of the respiratory network may contribute to opioid-induced respiratory disorders.