Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Apr 2020
Kölliker-Fuse/Parabrachial complex mu opioid receptors contribute to fentanyl-induced apnea and respiratory rate depression.
Overdoses caused by the opioid agonist fentanyl have increased exponentially in recent years. Identifying mechanisms to counter progression to fatal respiratory apnea during opioid overdose is desirable, but difficult to study in vivo. The pontine Kölliker-Fuse/Parabrachial complex (KF/PB) provides respiratory drive and contains opioid-sensitive neurons. ⋯ Higher concentrations caused prolonged apnea, interrupted by occasional apneustic-like bursts. Application of CTAP, a selective mu opioid receptor antagonist, directly into the KF/PB complex reversed and prevented fentanyl-induced apnea by increasing the frequency of apneustic-like bursting. These results demonstrate that countering opioid effects in the KF/PB complex is sufficient to restore phasic respiratory output at a rate similar to pre-fentanyl conditions, which could be beneficial in opioid overdose.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Feb 2020
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting autophagy through PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in mice.
The beneficial role of Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was reported in acute lung injury (ALI), however, there was no direct evidence supporting the relationship between CFTR and cell autophagy in ALI. Here, this study is to analyze the protective role of CFTR on autophagy in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI mice and its special mechanism. ⋯ CFTR could inhibit cell autophagy by enhancing PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby playing a protective role in LPS-induced ALI in mice.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · May 2019
A simple and safe method for tracheal intubation using a supraglottic intubation-aid device in mice.
Although mice are a commonly used animal species in experimental medicine, airway management of this species is not easy due to their small size. In order to develop a new method of tracheal intubation in mice, we produced a supraglottic intubation-aid conduit (SIAC) for mice, and tested the efficacy of this device in spontaneously breathing mice anesthetized with sevoflurane inhalation. ⋯ After refining the size and shape of the SIAC, the success rate of tracheal intubation with the refined prototype of the SIAC was 100% without any serious adverse effects. This study showed that it is possible to produce a supraglottic airway device to aid tracheal intubation in mice and that the shape and size of the SIAC play a crucial role in successful tracheal intubation in mice.
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Respir Physiol Neurobiol · Jan 2019
Effects of two different ventilation strategies on respiratory mechanics during robotic-gynecological surgery.
It is unknown which is the best ventilatory approach in patients scheduled for gynecological robotic surgery in Deep Trendelenburg position in terms of respiratory mechanics. 40 patients were enrolled: 20 patients received a standard ventilation and 20 patients received a protective ventilation. Gas exchanges, respiratory mechanics and hemodynamic parameters were recorded. No significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of respiratory mechanics. ⋯ In both groups, a significant reduction of pH (p < 0.01) and a significant increase of PaCO2 (p < 0.01) were observed between Baseline and Extubation Time. At the Extubation time, PaCO2 was significantly higher during protective ventilation compared to standard ventilation. In this particular surgical setting, a protective ventilation strategy did not improve the respiratory mechanics compared to the standard ventilation strategy and was ineffective on post-operative gas exchanges.