Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Jan 2014
Systematic evaluation of evidence on veterinary viscoelastic testing part 4: Definitions and data reporting.
To systematically examine evidence surrounding definitions and reporting of data for viscoelastic testing in veterinary medicine. ⋯ All 4 standard thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) variables should be universally reported, and the reporting of shear elastic modulus in addition to maximum amplitude (MA) is encouraged. There is insufficient evidence to support universal usage of the coagulation index at this time. The K value and clot formation time are the most variable of the 4 parameters, with alpha angle, MA, and maximum clot firmness generally the least variable. Individual studies should report sufficient data on patients and institutional controls to enable definitions of hypo- and hypercoagulability to be evaluated post-hoc, and it is recommended that all studies specifically report how these conditions were defined. In reporting data relating to fibrinolysis, the TEG variables LY30, LY60, CL30, CL60, and the ROTEM variables LI30, LI60, ML, LOT, and LT should be documented. Studies should report sufficient data on patients and controls to enable definitions of hyper- and hypofibrinolysis to be evaluated post-hoc, and we suggest that standard TEG/ROTEM assays may be unable to detect hypofibrinolysis in companion animals. We recommend that every center establish reference intervals, which are specific to either TEG or ROTEM. These reference intervals should be established using veterinary clinical pathology guidelines, standardized protocols, and a minimum of 40 healthy animals. There are currently insufficient data in companion animals to suggest a utility for Vcurve variables beyond that of standard TEG variables.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Jan 2014
Systematic evaluation of evidence on veterinary viscoelastic testing part 2: Sample acquisition and handling.
To examine systematically the evidence on sample acquisition and handling for the thrombo elastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) viscoelastic point of care instruments and to identify knowledge gaps. ⋯ Jugular venipuncture is recommended, but samples from IV catheters can be used. Consistent technique is important for serial sampling, and standardized sampling protocols are recommended for individual centers performing TEG/ROTEM. There is insufficient evidence to recommend use of a specific blood collection system, although use of evacuated blood tubes and 21-Ga or larger needles is suggested. Use of 3.2% buffered sodium citrate in a strict 1:9 ratio of citrate to blood is suggested. Suggested tube draw order is discard/serum, followed by citrate, EDTA, and then heparin. Samples should be held at room temperature for 30 minutes prior to analysis.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Nov 2013
Case ReportsStatus epilepticus attributed to inadvertent intrathecal injection of cefazolin during myelography.
To describe a case of status epilepticus believed to be a consequence of inadvertent intrathecal administration of cefazolin in a dog undergoing a myelogram. ⋯ Although epileptogenic effects of intrathecally administered cefazolin are well documented in the human and experimental animal model literature, to the authors' knowledge this has not been characterized in the veterinary literature. This case highlights the need to be diligent and mindful when one administers medications, and describes the management of a dog adversely affected as a consequence of a medical error.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Sep 2013
Evaluation of ultrasound-guided vascular access in dogs.
To describe the technique and determine the feasibility, success rate, perceived difficulty, and time to vascular access using ultrasound guidance for jugular vein catheterization in a cardiac arrest dog model. ⋯ Ultrasound-guided jugular catheterization is associated with a learning curve but is successful in obtaining rapid vascular access in dogs. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the utility of this technique in a clinical setting.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Sep 2013
Comparative StudyComparison of invasive versus noninvasive blood pressure measurements before and after hemorrhage in anesthetized greyhounds using the Surgivet V9203.
To determine the agreement between blood pressure obtained with a noninvasive technique and direct technique using the Surgivet V9203 at varying blood pressure levels created using a canine hemorrhage model. ⋯ The results demonstrate that the agreement between NIBP measurements and IBP, are within the limits of agreement recommended by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Hypertension Consensus Panel for all pressures except Sys BP. This suggests that mean and diastolic NIBP using the Surgivet V9203 are a clinically acceptable alternative of IBP in hypovolemic hypotensive dogs.