Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Mar 2020
ReviewThe endothelial glycocalyx: Structure and function in health and critical illness.
To conduct a narrative review of the current literature in reference to the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) and its contribution to the pathophysiology of conditions relevant to the veterinary emergency and critical care clinician. Novel therapies for restoring or preserving the EG will also be discussed. ⋯ The recognition of the presence of the EG has changed our understanding of transvascular fluid flux and the pathophysiology of many conditions of critical illness. The EG is an exciting target for novel therapeutics to improve morbidity and mortality in conditions such as sepsis and trauma.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Mar 2020
The pattern of mortality in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus.
The primary study objective was to characterize the pattern of in-hospital mortality in dogs with gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV), with a focus on preoperative nonsurvival. ⋯ Preoperative euthanasia and hence nonsurvival without intent to treat accounted for the majority of GDV mortality in this study. Given the high rate of nonsurvival without intent to treat it is likely that efforts focused at disease prevention will ultimately affect a much greater improvement in overall disease mortality than those focused on improving treatment.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Nov 2019
Evaluation of pulse oximetry as a surrogate for PaO2 in awake dogs breathing room air and anesthetized dogs on mechanical ventilation.
To evaluate the ability of arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation measurement via pulse oximetry (SpO2 ) to serve as a surrogate for PaO2 in dogs. ⋯ The SpO2 was not clinically suitable as a surrogate for PaO2 , though it performed better in mechanically ventilated dogs. As sensitivity for the detection of hypoxemia was poor, pulse oximetry does not appear to be an acceptable screening test. The SpO2 /FiO2 ratio may have value for evaluation of anesthetized dogs on supplemental oxygen. Arterial blood gas analysis remains ideal for assessment of oxygenation.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Nov 2019
Retrospective evaluation of the severity of and prognosis associated with potassium abnormalities in dogs and cats presenting to an emergency room (January 2014-August 2015): 2441 cases.
To determine the severity, concurrent clinical signs, and disease processes associated with potassium abnormalities in dogs and cats presenting to a veterinary emergency department and associated mortality. ⋯ Dyskalemia was common in this population and was associated with greater mortality. Moderate to severe potassium abnormalities were uncommon in this population and occurred most frequently in animals with gastrointestinal and urinary tract disease.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Sep 2019
Case ReportsA pilot study evaluating the effect of mannitol and hypertonic saline solution in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure in 2 cats and 1 dog naturally affected by traumatic brain injury.
To evaluate the effects of iso-osmolar doses of 18% mannitol and 3% sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions in decreasing intracranial pressure (ICP) in animals with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ Both mannitol and hypertonic saline decrease ICP and improve CPP, but the effect observed in this pilot study suggests that there might be differences in the duration of these effects. Appropriately designed studies in a larger and homogeneous population are warranted to further investigate these findings.