Neurocritical care
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Recent and on going clinical research trials may indicate that the incidence of vasospasm is less in patients treated with lumbar drains following SAH than with patients treated with external ventricular drainage (EVD) alone. These studies have sparked interest in the more aggressive use of LDs in patients with aneurysmal SAH but some clinicians have been concerned about safety. ⋯ LDs are safe when used in the setting of aneurysmal SAH if appropriate patient selection and good technique are employed.
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Case Reports
Successful intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke caused by infective endocarditis.
Infective endocarditis can lead to serious neurological complications including ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage. Treatment with intravenous thrombolysis within 3 h of symptom onset has become the standard of care in acute ischemic stroke, but the safety and efficacy of this intervention in patients with infective endocarditis is unknown. ⋯ Favorable response to thrombolysis may occur in patients with stroke due to infectious endocarditis. The safety of this therapy remains to be established.
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Case Reports
Feasibility of IA thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke among anticoagulated patients.
Limited information exists regarding thrombolysis among anticoagulated acute stroke patients. We present data from three consecutive patients, on active warfarin therapy, treated with intra-arterial reteplase. ⋯ Low dose, intra-arterial reteplase following acute reversal of elevated INR is feasible and may offer a potential treatment for patients suffering with acute ischemic stroke while receiving active warfarin treatment.
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No experimental data has been published on the long-term effects of decompressive craniotomy in hypertensive rats with space-occupying cerebral infarction. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of decompressive craniectomy in a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of hypertensive rats in a prolonged period. ⋯ Although the early craniectomy is more effective than delayed craniectomy in improving short-term outcome, the latter has the similar beneficial effects as early craniectomy on long-term outcome in hypertensive rats with space-occupying cerebral infarction.
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Hypertonic saline (HS) solutions are increasingly being utilized as osmotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cerebral edema associated with brain injury from diverse etiologies. ⋯ These data demonstrate that (1) T(2)-weighted MRI imaging correlates with tissue water content in the ischemic core but not in the peri-infarct regions, and (2) attenuation of ischemia-evoked cerebral edema involves the modulation of AQP4 channels in the brain.