Chinese medical journal
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Chinese medical journal · Feb 2022
ReviewFrom MAFLD to hepatocellular carcinoma and everything in between.
Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Many risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of MAFLD with metabolic dysregulation being the final arbiter of its development and progression. ⋯ This review summarizes current understanding of the pathogenesis of MAFLD and related diseases, particularly liver cancer. Potential therapeutic agents for MAFLD and diagnostic biomarkers are discussed.
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Chinese medical journal · Feb 2022
Paired box 5 increases the chemosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell cancer cells by promoting p53 signaling activity.
Gene promoter methylation is a major epigenetic change in cancers, which plays critical roles in carcinogenesis. As a crucial regulator in the early stages of B-cell differentiation and embryonic neurodevelopment, the paired box 5 (PAX5) gene is downregulated by methylation in several kinds of tumors and the role of this downregulation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) pathogenesis remains unclear. ⋯ As a tumor suppressor gene regulated by promoter region methylation in human ESCC, PAX5 inhibits proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and induces activation of p53 signaling. PAX5 may serve as a chemosensitive marker of ESCC.
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Chinese medical journal · Feb 2022
ReviewInvolvement and therapeutic implications of airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in type 2 inflammation of asthma.
Type 2 inflammation is a complex immune response and primary mechanism for several common allergic diseases including allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. It is the predominant type of immune response against helminths to prevent their tissue infiltration and induce their expulsion. Recent studies suggest that epithelial barrier dysfunction contributes to the development of type 2 inflammation in asthma, which may partly explain the increasing prevalence of asthma in China and around the globe. ⋯ This review introduces the interaction between type 2 inflammation and the airway epithelial barrier in asthma, the structure and molecular composition of the airway epithelial barrier, and the assessment of epithelial barrier integrity. The role of airway epithelial barrier disruption in the pathogenesis of asthma will be discussed. In addition, the possible mechanisms underlying the airway epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by allergens and environmental pollutants, and current treatments to restore the airway epithelial barrier are reviewed.
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Chinese medical journal · Feb 2022
Multicenter StudyIntensive phototherapy vs. exchange transfusion for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.
Intensive phototherapy (IPT) and exchange transfusion (ET) are the main treatments for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. However, there is no reliable evidence on determining the thresholds for these treatments. This multicenter study compared the effectiveness and complications of IPT and ET in the treatment of extreme hyperbilirubinemia. ⋯ In this study, our results suggest that IPT is a safe and effective treatment for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. The indication of ET for patients with hyperbilirubinemia could be stricter. However, it is necessary to have a contingency plan for emergency ET as soon as IPT is commenced especially for infants with risk factors. If IPT can be guaranteed and proved to be therapeutic, ET should be avoided as much as possible.