The FEBS journal
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Hypoxia and inflammation often develop concurrently in numerous diseases, and both hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) are key transcription factors of stress response genes. An NF-kappaB inhibitor, inhibitor of NF-kappaB alpha (IkappaB alpha), was found to interact with factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) and to be hydroxylated by FIH. However, FIH did not functionally regulate IkappaB alpha, and the consequence of the FIH-IkappaB alpha interaction thus remains uncertain. ⋯ After tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment, IkappaB alpha downregulation, Asn803 hydroxylation and HIF-1alpha inactivation all occurred up to 8 h, but subsided later. On the basis of these results, we propose that IkappaB alpha plays a positive regulatory role during HIF-1-mediated gene expression. Therefore, IkappaB alpha, owing to its interactions with NF-kappaB and HIF-1alpha, may play a pivotal role in the crosstalk between the molecular events that underlie inflammatory and hypoxic responses.