Travel medicine and infectious disease
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Travel Med Infect Dis · May 2019
ReviewPneumococcal disease during Hajj and Umrah: Research agenda for evidence-based vaccination policy for these events.
Pneumococcal disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with a significant financial burden. Pneumococcal vaccines are available and recommended in many countries for at-risk populations including young children, the elderly and those with underlying medical conditions. The Hajj and Umrah mass gatherings attract millions of Muslim pilgrims to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia each year. ⋯ There is limited information on antimicrobial resistance among S. pneumoniae isolated from diseased pilgrims and no information on the serotypes involved. Finally, the efficacy and effectiveness of the current vaccines in the context of Hajj and Umrah have not been studied. Research agendas proposed in this article would help fill knowledge gaps regarding pneumococcal disease at Hajj and Umrah and would constitute a strong basis for an informed and potentially unified policy regarding pneumococcal vaccination for these events.