International journal of obesity : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity
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Obesity is an epidemic in New York City, the global epicenter of the coronavirus pandemic. Previous studies suggest that obesity is a possible risk factor for adverse outcomes in COVID-19. ⋯ This study reveals that patients with overweight and obesity who have COVID-19 are at increased risk for mortality and intubation compared to those with normal BMI. These findings support the hypothesis that obesity is a risk factor for COVID-19 complications and should be a consideration in management of COVID-19.
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Mother-to-newborn transmission of obesity-associated microbiota may be modified by birth mode (vaginal vs. Cesarean delivery). Prospective data to test this hypothesis are still sparse. ⋯ Among vaginally-delivered infants, maternal overweight and obesity was associated with altered infant gut microbiome composition and higher diversity. These associations were not observed in Cesarean-delivered infants, whose microbiome development differs from vaginally-delivered infants. Our study provides additional evidence of birth-mode dependent associations of maternal body weight status with the infant gut microbiota. The role of these associations in mediating the intergenerational cycle of obesity warrants further examination.
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Recent studies have suggested that obesity might be protective in specific conditions such as critical illness; however, there are controversial data in critically ill children with obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of obesity with mortality and other outcomes in these patients. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies investigating obesity in critically ill children, published by August 2017 in PubMed and Scopus. ⋯ There were no differences in ICU LOS (95% CI -0.19 to 0.01, P = 0.083) and duration of MV (95% CI -0.22 to 0.03, P = 0.136) between critically ill children with and without obesity. In conclusion, the current systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that critically ill children with obesity have higher risk of mortality and length of hospital stay compared to the group without obesity. Further prospective studies are essential to elucidate the role of obesity and underlying mechanisms in predicting outcomes of critically ill children.
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Comparative Study
Comparing BMI with skinfolds to estimate age at adiposity rebound and its associations with cardio-metabolic risk markers in adolescence.
Body mass index (BMI) reaches a nadir in mid-childhood, known as the adiposity rebound (AR). Earlier AR is associated with a higher risk of cardio-vascular diseases in later life. Skinfolds, which are a more direct measure of adiposity, may give better insight into the relationship between childhood adiposity and later obesity and cardio-metabolic risk. ⋯ BMI-derived adiposity rebound predicts later cardio-metabolic risk markers similarly to that derived from skinfolds, a direct measure of adiposity.
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The role of smoking from the paternal line during the pre-conception period on grand-child's overweight/obesity and associated underlying pathways are uncertain. We examined whether the smoking status from the paternal line was associated with the grand-child's higher weight at birth, and overweight or obesity at 5 and 9 years of age. The grandparental smoking effect from the maternal line was also explored. ⋯ The smoking habit from the paternal line is associated with grand-children's adiposity measures during their early childhood, which might be epigenetically transmitted through male-germline cells.