The Libyan journal of medicine
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Body composition analysis may provide valuable information about the assessment of balance between fluid, fat, and fat-free mass. The present study assessed whether the regular increase in water consumption has any significant effects on measurements of body composition using BIA. A total of 140 subjects participated in this study. ⋯ There was overestimation in body fat mass compared to the baseline and increased significantly after water intakes in males (2.08% in 500 mL, 3.80% in 1000 mL, 5.88% in 1500 mL, and 7.92% in 2000 mL, p < 0.05) and in females (3.4% in 500 mL, 5.7% in 1000 mL, 7.8% in 1500 mL, and 9.4% in 2000 mL, p < 0.05). In contrast, there was markedly underestimation of total body water and fat-free mass in males (35% and 50%) and females (17% and 22%), respectively, at the end of the study. Thus, overestimation of body fat mass and lower estimation of total body water and fat-free mass with closely to the amount of water retention using BIA application should be considered in health-related clinical practice.
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The administration of therapeutic agents is difficult in many patients, such as patients with post-operative delirium or dementia or patients with schizophrenia, who are upset in an emergency room. Therefore, the development of a new method for administering therapeutic agents to the central nervous system is desired. In this study, we investigated if inhalation was an effective route of administration for haloperidol, a commonly used, strong antipsychotic. ⋯ However, pretreatment with inhaled betahistine or the intraperitoneal administration of betahistine did not suppress the MK-801-induced or memantine-induced increase in locomotor activity. Thus, haloperidol when inhaled acts on the central nervous system of mice and suppresses the MK-801-induced increase in mouse locomotor activity. Our findings suggest that inhalation may be a novel method for administering haloperidol.
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Comparative Study
Hepatitis B birth vaccination, cohort study, Tunisia 2000-2017.
We aimed to compare the efficiency of the first dose of Hepatitis B (HB) vaccine: at Birth versus at 3 months and to evaluate the efficacy of HB vaccine. We conducted a cohort study in the governorate of Monastir. Vaccinated Cohort (VC) included populations receiving the first dose at 3 months (Protocol 1), and at birth (HepB-BD) (Protocol 2). First dose was followed by at least two doses. We collected, from January 2000 to December 2017, cases diagnosed by serological markers (hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBc). We calculated Absolute Risk (AR) per 100,000 PY and the Relative risk reduction (RRR). Twenty-five cases were notified among VC and 1501 cases among not vaccinated cohort (NVC). Twenty-three cases were notified among the cohort receiving the first dose at 3 months and two cases in Protocol 2. The AR per 100,000 PY was 5.67 (CI95%: 3.36-7.99) in Protocol 1 and 0.11 (CI95%: 0.001-0.26) in Protocol 2. The RRR was 77% (95% CI: 66; 85) in Protocol 1 and 99.4% (95% CI: 97.8; 99.9) in Protocol 2. We identified 4 HB cases for children aged between 5 and 11 who benefited from protocol 1 (born between 2000 and 2006) and zero cases for children of the same age group benefiting from protocol 2 (born between 2011 and 2017). The annual number of HB has decreased from 112 in 2000 to 48 in 2017. We predicted 40 new cases of HB in 2030. HepB-BD was 99.4% effective at preventing HB. The continuity of HepB-BD worldwide would achieve WHO's goal of eliminating HB as a threat to health by 2050. ⋯ AR: Absolute Risk; ARR: Absolute Risk Reduction; G1: Group1; G2: Group2; HB: Hepatitis B; HepB-BD: Hepatitis B Birth Dose; MENA: Middle East and North Africa; NNV: Number Needed to Vaccine; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; NVC: Not Vaccinated Cohort; PY: Person Year; RRR: Relative Risk Reduction; RR: Relative Risk; VC: Vaccinated Cohort; WHO: World Health Organization.
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The American Association of Endodontists (AAE) released a case difficulty assessment form to help general dentists and students treat cases within their expertise or refer advanced cases to reduce the risk of iatrogenic errors. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of iatrogenic complications after the use of the case difficulty assessment form. Arandom sample of 1000 cases that received root canal treatment in undergraduate clinics during the academicyear (2016-2017) was selected. ⋯ Underfilling accounted for the highestpercent of errors detected (8.4%), followed by ledge formation (4.2%). Molar teeth had the highest frequency of errors, and mesio-buccal roots of maxillary molars showed the highest percentage of errors. The AAE developed asignificantly useful tool to determine the difficulty of each case treated in undergraduate clinics, and following their recommendations will minimize the risk of iatrogenic errors.
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Observational Study
Trends and health burden of hospitalized acute respiratory infections and impact of Haemophilus influenza immunization in a Tunisian university hospital: a twelve-year study.
We aimed to describe the episodes and trends of admissions for community-acquired Respiratory Infections (RI) over a 12-year period and to assess the impact of Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib) vaccine on RI admissions in children aged up to 3 years. ⋯ Admissions for RI in a tertiary level hospital were common with an increasing trend. The Hib immunization program, in particular the pentavalent combination, has had a positive impact on the reduction of related acute diseases.