No to hattatsu. Brain and development
-
We investigated the clinical course of 20 children (persons) with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) who were treated with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) for respiratory insufficiency. NPPV was effective in 10 of 11 patients treated for acute respiratory failure, and in 7 of 9 patients treated for chronic respiratory failure. Twelve patients were treated with NPPV for more than one year. ⋯ NPPV in combination with wearing a chin strap was highly effective in patients with open state or upper airway obstruction. Five patients were successfully weaned off the ventilator soon after recovery from acute respiratory failure using NPPV, whereas 5 patients who continued NPPV during the chronic phase after recovery did not experience recurrent episodes of acute respiratory failure. We conclude that NPPV may be an effective treatment for SMID with respiratory insufficiency.
-
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection occurs frequently in neonates. However, there are no screening tests or definitive treatments for this infection in Japan. We report a case of a 21-day-old Japanese boy with congenital CMV infection. ⋯ He was given a diagnosis of congenital CMV infection based on the detection of CMV DNA in his urine and the umbilical cord. After the administration of valganciclovir, no CMV DNA was detected in his serum, and brain MRI and electroencephalogram findings, motor development, and deafness improved. Further investigation is needed to establish a screening test and treatment for congenital CMV infection in Japan.
-
To determine the effects of mild hypothermia therapy (34 degrees C) for brain edema caused by hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) or acute encephalitis/encephalopathy, we reviewed the charts and serial brain CT images in six children (males 3, average age 1.6 years) treated with mild hypothermia therapy between November 2006 and April 2009. Both of the two children with HIE after cardiopulmonary arrest did not show any deterioration of brain edema after the initiation of hypothermia therapy. However, two of four non-HIE patients (acute encephalitis/encephalopathy 3 cases and metabolic encephalopathy plus HIE 1 case) showed progressive brain edema during the cooling phase and re-warming phase, respectively. ⋯ However, two children with progressive brain edema showed a delayed NSE peak time (15 and 13 days after onset, respectively), compared with those without progressive brain edema (2-6 days after onset). Our study suggests that serial measurement of serum NSE might be useful marker for adjusting the methods of hypothermia therapy according to neuropathology. Further study is necessary to establish optimal hypothermia therapy especially in children with acute encephalitis/ encephalopathy.
-
Acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) in childhood following viral infection is a self-limited disease. We present a boy with recurrent episodes of paraneoplastic cerebellar ataxia associated with a ganglioneuroma. A 20-month-old boy developed the first episode of cerebellar ataxia after nonspecific respiratory tract infections. ⋯ After the tumor resection, the cerebellar symptoms did not recur and speech difficulty and cognitive problems improved gradually. Recent neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have revealed that cerebellar function contributes to higher brain functions including cognition and learning. We will follow up this patient's long-term cognitive function and consider special educational support and programs.