Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases
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Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Dec 2014
Multicenter StudySputum bacteriology and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized adult patients in Nigeria: a 5-year multicentre retrospective study.
A clear knowledge of the pathogens responsible for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in a given region and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns is necessary for optimal treatment. We determined the common bacterial pathogens causing CAP in Nigeria and further reviewed their antibiotic senstivity patterns with a view to providing recommendations to improve antibiotic management of CAP. ⋯ Strep. pneumoniae and K. pneumoniae were the most common causes of CAP. The pathogens were most sensitive to levofloxacin and ceftazidime. We suggest that these antibiotics should increasingly be considered as superior options for empirical treatment of CAP in Nigeria.
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Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Dec 2014
Elevated levels of circulating histones indicate disease activity in patients with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in children, characterized by acute viral infection accompanying acute inflammatory responses. Circulating histones are leading mediators of the inflammatory processes. This study aimed to elucidate whether circulating histones play a contributory role during HFMD. ⋯ These data demonstrate that circulating histones are excessively released in patients with HFMD, which may indicate disease severity and contribute to systemic inflammation by promoting cytokine production (e.g. IL-6). We suggest that in mild HFMD, circulating histones may originate largely from neutrophil activation, whereas in severe HFMD, dying tissue cells and neutrophil activation may be synergistically involved in the increased levels of histones.
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Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Dec 2014
Alternative diagnosis in the putative ventilator-associated pneumonia patient not meeting lavage-based diagnostic criteria.
The clinical picture of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) can be mimicked by other infectious and non-infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the alternative diagnoses and to develop a diagnostic flow chart for patients suspected of having VAP not meeting the diagnostic broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) criteria. ⋯ Due to the wide range of alternative diagnoses and applied tests the diagnostic work-up proved to be necessarily individualized and guided by repeated clinical assessment. The most frequently found alternative diagnoses were viral pneumonia and non-infectious pneumonitis.