European journal of clinical pharmacology
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Nov 2010
Meta AnalysisRivaroxaban versus enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Rivaroxaban is a newly developed oral medicine that direct inhibits factor Xa for the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban versus enoxaparin, a medicine routinely used for thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee arthroplasty. ⋯ Rivaroxaban was more effective than the recommended dose of enoxaparin and had a similar safety profile for thromboprophylaxis after hip and knee arthroplasty.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Nov 2010
Randomized Controlled TrialEffects of erythromycin on voriconazole pharmacokinetics and association with CYP2C19 polymorphism.
To assess the impacts of erythromycin on the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole and its association with CYP2C19 genotypes in healthy Chinese male subjects. ⋯ Both CYP2C19 genotypes and CYP3A4 inhibitor erythromycin can influence the plasma concentration of voriconazole, and erythromycin increases plasma concentration of voriconazole in a CYP2C19 genotype-dependent manner.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Nov 2010
Are results from pharmaceutical-company-sponsored studies available to the public?
Only 53% and 63% of studies and clinical trials results presented at congresses are published. Company-sponsored trial results are being posted on publicly accessible Web sites. We analyzed the public availability (publication or posting on a Web site) rate, time to publication, and factors predicting public availability of results of studies sponsored by a pharmaceutical company. ⋯ Eighty percent of studies included in this analysis are publicly available. Web site posting increases public availability rate of clinical trial results from 61% to 78%. Cancellation of projects is the single factor negatively influencing publication and public availability rates.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Nov 2010
The local vasoconstriction of infant's skin following instillation of mydriatic eye drops.
Systemic absorption of eye drops is known to occur via the nasal mucosa, cornea, and conjunctiva. Diffusion of eye drops through the skin is previously unrecognized. Here, two cases are presented in which we observed skin pallor around the eyes after instillation of phenylephrine 2.5% drops. CASE 1: A 32-week gestational age premature infant had mydriatic eye drops instilled as part of retinopathy of prematurity screening. CASE 2: A term newborn dysmorphic infant underwent fundus examination to rule out ocular pathology. In both cases, discoloration of periorbital skin was observed 45 min following administration of drops. ⋯ The risks of percutaneous toxicity must always be considered in children, especially in premature neonates, in whom the epidermal permeability barrier is frequently incompetent. Application of smaller drop size or wiping of overflowed drop from the skin may be useful to decrease the risk of systemic side effects.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Nov 2010
Proposal of a new limited sampling strategy to predict CYP3A activity using a partial AUC of midazolam.
Midazolam metabolic clearance to 1'-hydroxymidazolam is an accurate measure of CYP3A activity which requires extensive plasma and urine sampling. The objective of this study was to find a new limited sampling strategy (LSS) to predict midazolam metabolic clearance to 1'-hydroxymidazolam and subsequently CYP3A activity in an easy and reliable way, reducing costs and labour. ⋯ The determination of the partial AUC using four plasma samples from 2 to 4 h after oral administration of a midazolam solution is proposed to be an easy and reliable CYP3A phenotyping measure which of course needs to be validated in prospective clinical trials.