Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialIntraoperative Magnesium Administration Does Not Reduce Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery.
Hypomagnesemia has been associated with an increased risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). Although previous studies have suggested a beneficial effect of magnesium (Mg) therapy, almost all of these are limited by small sample size and relatively low Mg dose. We hypothesized that high-dose Mg decreases the occurrence of new-onset POAF, and we tested this hypothesis by using data from a prospective trial that assessed the effect of Mg on cognitive outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. ⋯ High-dose intraoperative Mg therapy did not decrease the incidence of new-onset POAF after cardiac surgery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2015
Randomized Controlled TrialPreparing Parents to Be Present for Their Child's Anesthesia Induction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of a brief preparation intervention for parental presence during induction of anesthesia (PPIA preparation) with a PPIA with standard preparation (PPIA standard). ⋯ A brief, video-based intervention aimed at preparing parents to be present for their child's anesthesia induction was not successful in reducing the children's preoperative anxiety. However, it is unclear whether parents included in this study actually performed as instructed in the intervention to reduce their children's anxiety. Future research should monitor parent behavior and support parental performance to reduce their children's preoperative anxiety.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2015
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyConventional Landmark-Guided Midline Versus Preprocedure Ultrasound-Guided Paramedian Techniques in Spinal Anesthesia.
Multiple passes and attempts while administering spinal anesthesia are associated with a greater incidence of postdural puncture headache, paraesthesia, and spinal hematoma. We hypothesized that the routine use of a preprocedural ultrasound-guided paramedian technique for spinal anesthesia would reduce the number of passes required to achieve entry into the subarachnoid space when compared with the conventional landmark-guided midline approach. ⋯ Routine use of paramedian spinal anesthesia in the orthopedic patient population undergoing joint replacement surgery, guided by preprocedure ultrasound examination, significantly decreases the number of passes and attempts needed to enter the subarachnoid space.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2015
ReviewClinical Research Methodology 1: Study Designs and Methodologic Sources of Error.
Clinical research can be categorized by the timing of data collection: retrospective or prospective. Clinical research also can be categorized by study design. ⋯ Comparative clinical trials are prospective cohort studies that compare treatments assigned to patients by the researchers. Most errors in clinical research findings arise from 5 largely distinguishable classes of methodologic problems: selection bias, confounding, measurement bias, reverse causation, and excessive chance variation.