Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2016
Distinct Hypnotic Recoveries After Infusions of Methoxycarbonyl Etomidate and Cyclopropyl Methoxycarbonyl Metomidate: The Role of the Metabolite.
Methoxycarbonyl etomidate (MOC-etomidate) and cyclopropyl methoxycarbonyl metomidate (CPMM) are rapidly metabolized "soft" etomidate analogs. CPMM's duration of hypnotic effect is context insensitive, whereas MOC-etomidate's is not. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that CPMM's effect is context insensitive because, unlike MOC-etomidate, its metabolite fails to reach physiologically important concentrations in vivo even with prolonged continuous infusion. ⋯ Hypnotic recovery after CPMM administration is context insensitive because its metabolite does not accumulate to hypnotic levels in the central nervous system. This reflects the very large potency ratio between CPMM and CPMM-CA and the resistance of CPMM to metabolism by esterases present in the brain.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialThe Effect of Intravenous Dexamethasone on Sugammadex Reversal Time in Children Undergoing Adenotonsillectomy.
Dexamethasone does not affect sugammadex neuromuscular reversal in children.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyHemodynamics of Phenylephrine Infusion Versus Lower Extremity Compression During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
Phenylephrine infusion is the current first-line choice for prevention of spinal hypotension during cesarean delivery. The optimal dosage regimen is still undetermined. A mechanical alternative, lower limb wrapping, has been examined in a few small studies showing moderate success. In this trial, we compared the effect of leg wrapping with low-dose phenylephrine infusion and with placebo treatment on systolic arterial blood pressure during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. ⋯ An initial bolus of phenylephrine followed by a low-dose phenylephrine infusion was superior to leg wrapping and no intervention for the prevention of hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Phenylephrine prevented hypotension primarily by restoring systemic vascular resistance and did not cause hypertension or a clinically relevant reduction in cardiac output. Leg wrapping prevented hypotension compared with no intervention by limiting modest early spinal anesthesia-mediated venodilation.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyTranexamic Acid Compared with Placebo for Reducing Total Blood Loss in Hip Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding in patients undergoing hip replacement surgery, but optimal doses and timing have yet to be established. Our primary objective in this study was to assess total blood loss 48 hours after surgery with different regimens. ⋯ A single preoperative dose of TXA or 2 infusions of a lower dose, preoperatively and then after 3 hours after the start of surgery, resulted in lower blood loss during the first 2 days after surgery and less need for blood transfusion, with good levels of safety.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyA Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two Multimodal Analgesic Techniques in Patients Predicted to Have Severe Pain After Cesarean Delivery.
Improved pain control after cesarean delivery remains a challenging objective. Poorly treated acute pain following delivery is associated with an increased risk of chronic pain and depression. This study was conducted to determine whether the addition of systemic acetaminophen and an increased dose of intrathecal morphine would further reduce acute pain. The primary outcome was pain intensity with movement at 24 hours postoperatively. Secondary measures included persistent pain and depression at 8 weeks. ⋯ Adding a higher dose of intrathecal morphine and oral acetaminophen to a multimodal pain regimen in patients predicted to be at risk for high acute postpartum pain after cesarean delivery results in a significant reduction of acute postoperative pain scores at 24 hours.