Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2007
Practice Guideline[Austrian Guidelines for Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism].
Venous thromboembolism occurs in a significant number of patients in typical risk situations (e.g. surgery or trauma). However, in these special high-risk situations anticoagulants, particularly low molecular weight heparin, allow for a decrease in the number of venous thromboses, pulmonary embolisms and deaths caused by pulmonary embolism. Only the wide-spread and adequate use of antithrombotics can safeguard against venous thromboembolism in these various risk situations. ⋯ The recommendations for the management of thrombosis prophylaxis in the fields of general surgery, orthopaedic and trauma surgery and internal medicine have been elaborated drawing on the Guidelines issued by the American College of Chest Physicians. Included are recommendations on indications as well as the choice of antithrombotics, dose and duration of therapy for the various conditions. The Austrian Guidelines for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis are meant to be a basis for standardising procedures in the above-mentioned fields, thus contributing to an improved management of risk situations by physicians and health care staff and providing more safety for patients.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2007
Oxidative stress in patients with COPD and pulmonary hypertension.
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Oxidant/antioxidant imbalance has also been reported in various forms of pulmonary hypertension. The present study aimed to assess systemic oxidative stress, as reflected by serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations and activities of antioxidant enzymes in erythrocytes [glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] in patients with and without pulmonary hypertension secondary to COPD. ⋯ The study demonstrates the presence of oxidative/antioxidative imbalance in the systemic circulation in patients with COPD: compared with healthy subjects, COPD patients had higher serum MDA concentrations and lower GPX activity in erythrocytes. The magnitudes of the increase in MDA and reduction in GPX activity were similar in COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension and in those with normal pulmonary artery pressures.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2007
Synergistic interaction between atovaquone and retinol in Plasmodium falciparum in vitro.
The study has been conducted with the objective of assessing the blood schizontocidal activities of atovaquone (ATO), retinol (RET) and combinations of both (ATO-RET) at set retinol concentrations corresponding to the 50th, 65th and 80th percentile of the physiological serum retinol levels. The in vitro tests followed the WHO standard protocol Mark II for measuring the inhibition of schizont maturation in Plasmodium falciparum. ⋯ The geometric mean cut-off concentrations of schizont maturation of atovaquone alone and for atovaquone in ATO-RET low, medium and high were 282.5 nM, 79.0 nM, 38.7 nM and 23.7 nM, respectively. These results and those of the Berenbaum analysis based on the fractional inhibitory concentrations indicate synergistic pharmacodynamic interaction between atovaquone and retinol, a phenomenon suggesting that the antimalarial activity of atovaquone could be enhanced by supplementation with retinol.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Jan 2007
Review Meta AnalysisGenetics of suicide: a systematic review of twin studies.
Convergent evidence from a multitude of research designs (adoption, family, genomescan, geographical, immigrant, molecular genetic, surname, and twin studies of suicide) suggests genetic contributions to suicide risk. The present account provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the twin studies on this topic. ⋯ The totality of evidence from twin studies of suicide strongly suggests genetic contributions to liability for suicidal behavior. To further research progress in this area, an extensive discussion of design limitations, shortcomings of the literature and further points is provided, including sources of bias, gaps in the literature, errors in previous reviews, age and sex effects and twin-singleton differences in suicide risk, and notes from a history-of-science view.