Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Apr 2016
Review[Geriatric aspects for the management of diabetes mellitus].
There is a high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the elderly population of industrial countries. The present article provides recommendations for the screening, prevention and treatment of elderly diabetic patients according to current scientific evidence.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Apr 2016
Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and renal failure in nursing home residents-results of the study "Inappropriate Medication in Patients with Renal Insufficiency in Nursing Homes".
Use of potentially inappropriate medications may result in increased morbidity, mortality and resource utilisation. Due to polypharmacy and age-related decline in renal function the elderly population is at particular risk. Therefore, the Beers Criteria include use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in chronic renal failure stage 4 and 5 as these drugs may worsen renal function. According to the summary of product characteristics, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen and diclofenac are contraindicated in these patients. Objective was to assess the extent of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in nursing homes with a focus on residents with severe renal failure. ⋯ Notwithstanding their classification as potentially inappropriate medications and underlying contraindications, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is common among nursing home residents with severe renal failure.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Apr 2016
Influence of tobacco smoking on dental periapical condition in a sample of Croatian adults.
Since current evidences support a negative influence of tobacco smoking on the periodontal bone, an increased prevalence or severity of periapical lesions would be expected among smokers. The aim of this study was to investigate the difference in the periapical status of endodontically treated and untreated teeth in current smokers and never-smokers. ⋯ Current smokers had higher fraction of teeth with apical periodontitis (AP) than never-smokers (0.13 vs. 0.10; P = 0.025), while fractions of endodontically treated teeth and endodontically treated teeth with AP did not differ significantly. When overall number of teeth was controlled for, smokers were 16.4 times more likely to have AP than a non-smokers (95% CI: 5.7-47.7; P < 0.001) and if a person was male, he was 3.1 times more likely to have AP than if the person was female (95% CI: 1.1-8.9; P = 0.039). The probability of AP increases with increase of age. Smokers will on average have two teeth with AP more than non-smokers, while controlling for gender, age and overall number of teeth.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Apr 2016
[Physical activity and exercise training in the prevention and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus].
Lifestyle in general (nutrition, exercise, smoking habits), besides the genetic predisposition, is known to be a strong predictor for the development of diabetes. Exercise in particular is not only useful in improving glycaemia by lowering insulin resistance and positively affect insulin secretion, but to reduce cardiovascular risk. To gain substantial health benefits a minimum of 150 min of moderate or vigorous intense aerobic physical activity and muscle strengthening activities per week are needed. ⋯ The effect of exercise is independent of age and gender. It is reversible and reproducible. Based on the large evidence of exercise referral and prescription the Austrian Diabetes Associations aims to implement the position of a "physical activity adviser" in multi-professional diabetes care.
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Wien. Klin. Wochenschr. · Apr 2016
Review[Type 2 Diabetes mellitus-screening and prevention: Update 2016].
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing in westernized countries. In addition, about half of all patients suffering from diabetes are not diagnosed. The current article represents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association for the screening and prevention of type 2 diabetes, based on currently available evidence.