Medicine
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition with high morbidity and mortality. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is often used to manage acute COPD exacerbations, but failure can lead to worse outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate risk prediction models for NIV failure in patients with COPD. ⋯ Existing risk prediction models for failure in NIV among patients with COPD demonstrated overall good predictive performance, but exhibited a risk of bias. Further validation is needed to assess the clinical applicability of these models.
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Review Case Reports
Immunochemotherapy for small cell lung cancer with paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome: A case report and literature review.
Paraneoplastic Cushing syndrome (PCS) is an adverse prognostic factor for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Retrospective studies have shown that the median survival of SCLC complicated with PCS was <7 months. No immunochemotherapy has been recorded in the treatment of SCLC with PCS. Previous preclinical and clinical studies have suggested glucocorticoid exposure may affect the efficacy of immunotherapy. ⋯ The case preliminarily demonstrated the efficacy of immunochemotherapy in the management of SCLC complicated with PCS. The regime of serplulimab with irinotecan-based chemotherapy also indicated its satisfactory efficacy as a second-line treatment for extensive-stage SCLC. Furthermore, the case has highlighted that the management of hypercortisolism, the improvement of myelosuppression, and the prophylaxis against infection were 3 hinges for the continuation of immunochemotherapy and the holistic management of SCLC with PCS.
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Hyperuricemic nephropathy is a metabolic disease in which renal uric acid deposition and excretion are impaired due to elevated levels of uric acid in the blood, leading to impaired renal tubule function and chronic renal disease. Hyperuricemic nephropathy is one of the important complications of hyperuricemia, which seriously affects the quality of life and prognosis of patients. ⋯ In recent years, omics techniques such as metabolomics, transcriptomics and intestinal microecology have been used to reveal the metabolic, gene and microflora characteristics of hyperuricemic nephropathy from different levels, as well as their interactions and regulatory mechanisms. This paper reviews these studies, analyzes the existing problems and challenges, and puts forward future research directions and suggestions, aiming at providing new theoretical basis and practical guidance for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemic nephropathy.
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Review Case Reports
Duplicate gallbladders misdiagnosed as residual cholecystitis: A case report and review of the literature.
Duplication of gallbladder is a rare anomaly in humans, as it is very rare for a duplication of gallbladder to be missed during the first cholecystectomy and thus require a second cholecystectomy. ⋯ Our case and literature review showed that there are no specific signs of duplicated gallbladders, and ultrasound has a low sensitivity for the diagnosis of double gallbladders, so double gallbladders are easily missed. Patients with double gallbladders may have multiple missed diagnoses during diagnosis and treatment, as in this case. When patients experience upper abdominal pain again after gallbladder removal, we should be alert and consider the possibility of duplicated gallbladders.
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Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with its high mortality and recurrence rates significantly impacting patients' quality of life and prognosis. Cardiac rehabilitation, as a comprehensive intervention strategy, plays a crucial role in improving outcomes for AMI patients. The aims to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the theoretical foundations and practical models of cardiac rehabilitation following AMI, providing healthcare professionals with up-to-date research advances and practical guidance. ⋯ Significant progress has been made in the research of theories and models for cardiac rehabilitation after AMI. However, further large-scale, multi-center studies are needed to validate their long-term effectiveness. Future research should focus on integrating these theories and models with emerging technologies to enhance the accessibility and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation.