Journal of the National Cancer Institute
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst. · Jan 2014
Meta Analysis Comparative StudyLifetime cigarette smoking and breast cancer prognosis in the After Breast Cancer Pooling Project.
There is controversy on whether former smokers have increased risk for breast cancer recurrence or all-cause mortality, regardless of how much they smoked. ⋯ Lifetime cigarette smoking was statistically significantly associated with a poor prognosis among women diagnosed with breast cancer, dose-dependent increased risks of recurrence, and breast cancer and all-cause mortality.