Spine
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A mechanism-based reasoning and retrospective cohort study. ⋯ 4.
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Comparative Study
Preoperative Risk Stratification in Spine Tumor Surgery: A Comparison of the Modified Charlson Index, Frailty Index, and ASA Score.
A retrospective review of prospectively collected data. ⋯ 3.
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The enhanced perioperative care (EPOC) program is an institutional quality improvement initiative. We used a historically controlled study design to evaluate patients who underwent major spine surgery before and after the implementation of the EPOC program. ⋯ 3.