Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Dec 2015
Relative Contribution of Risk Factors for Early-Onset Myopia in Young Asian Children.
To investigate the associations of near work, outdoor activity, and anthropometric risk factors with early-onset myopia in Singaporean preschool children. ⋯ Genetic factors may have a greater contribution to early development of refractive error compared to environmental factors.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Dec 2015
Bevacizumab and Aflibercept Activate Platelets via FcγRIIa.
To confirm the formation of a drug-growth factor complex and investigate the effects of three VEGF inhibitors in the activation of platelets. ⋯ A complex composed of bevacizumab or aflibercept, but not ranibizumab, and growth factors activates platelets via FcγRIIa.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Dec 2015
Light Induces Ultrastructural Changes in Rod Outer and Inner Segments, Including Autophagy, in a Transgenic Xenopus laevis P23H Rhodopsin Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa.
We previously reported a transgenic Xenopus laevis model of retinitis pigmentosa in which tadpoles express the bovine form of P23H rhodopsin (bP23H) in rod photoreceptors. In this model, retinal degeneration was dependent on light exposure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural changes that occurred in the rod photoreceptors of these retinas when exposed to light. ⋯ Our results indicate that ultrastructural defects in outer and inner segment membranes of bP23H expressing rods differ from those observed in drug-induced apoptosis. We suggest that light-induced retinal degeneration caused by P23H rhodopsin occurs via cell death with autophagy, which may represent an attempt to eliminate the mutant rhodopsin and/or damaged cellular compartments from the secretory pathway.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Dec 2015
Hyperosmolar Tears Induce Functional and Structural Alterations of Corneal Nerves: Electrophysiological and Anatomical Evidence Toward Neurotoxicity.
In an effort to elucidate possible neural mechanisms underlying diminished tearing in dry eye disease, this study sought to determine if hyperosmolar tears, a ubiquitous sign of dry eye disease, produce functional changes in corneal nerve responses to drying of the cornea and if these changes correlate with alterations in corneal nerve morphology. ⋯ These results demonstrate that tear hyperosmolarity, considered to be a "core" mechanism of dry eye disease, significantly decreases physiological sensitivity and morphologic integrity of the corneal nerves important in tear production. These alterations might contribute to the diminished tearing seen clinically in dry eye patients.