Clinical therapeutics
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Clinical therapeutics · May 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of granisetron and ramosetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy.
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common after thyroidectomy. Granisetron, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, is more effective than the traditional antiemetics droperidol and metoclopramide for the prevention of PONV after thyroidectomy. Ramosetron, another new selective antagonist of 5-HT3 receptor, has been shown to have more potent and longer-acting properties than granisetron against cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets. ⋯ Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with ramosetron was comparable to therapy with granisetron for the prevention of PONV 0 to 24 hours after anesthesia in patients who underwent thyroidectomy; 24 to 48 hours after anesthesia, ramosetron was more ef- fective than granisetron for prophylaxis against PONV in this population.
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialA randomized, double-blind, multicenter trial of nimesulide-beta-cyclodextrin versus naproxen in patients with osteoarthritis.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most widely used agents in the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). No data are presently available on the medium-term management of this disease with an on-demand treatment regimen, which nevertheless reflects medical practice. ⋯ The results suggest that nimesulide-beta-cyclodextrin provides similar pain relief to naproxen in the management of OA of the hip and/or knee and is associated with fewer gastrointestinal adverse reactions. On-demand dosing may be an effective and well-tolerated low-dose regimen of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the maintenance of pain control in OA in the medium term.
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of the analgesic efficacy of rofecoxib and enteric-coated diclofenac sodium in the treatment of postoperative dental pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Rofecoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor indicated for the treatment of acute pain, with similar analgesic efficacy to ibuprofen and naproxen sodium. Diclofenac sodium is the most commonly prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug worldwide; it is effective for the treatment of pain as well as the signs and symptoms associated with the painful conditions of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. ⋯ A single 50-mg dose of rofecoxib provided greater overall analgesic efficacy over 8 hours, more rapid onset of analgesia, greater maximum analgesic effect, and longer duration of effect than a single 50-mg dose of enteric-coated diclofenac sodium in patients with moderate to severe pain associated with oral surgery. Compared with 3 doses of enteric-coated diclofenac sodium 50 mg (50 mg every 8 hours), a single dose of rofecoxib 50 mg provided greater overall analgesic efficacy over 24 hours.
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Clinical therapeutics · Apr 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialFormoterol as dry powder oral inhalation compared with salbutamol metered-dose inhaler in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are managed with increased doses or frequency of the patient's existing bronchodilator therapy. The use of formoterol in the treatment of mild acute exacerbations of COPD has been suggested; however, a comparison of cumulative doses of formoterol with salbutamol, the gold standard bronchodilator agent for this pathologic condition, is still lacking. ⋯ In this small, selected group of patients with mild acute exacerbations of COPD, formoterol via Turbuhaler induced a fast bronchodilation that was dose dependent and not significantly different from that caused by salbutamol. Furthermore, formoterol appeared to be as well tolerated as salbutamol.
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Clinical therapeutics · Mar 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialSafety and local tolerability of intramuscularly administered ertapenem diluted in lidocaine: a prospective, randomized, double-blind study versus intramuscular ceftriaxone.
Ertapenem is a new, structurally unique, parenteral beta-lactam antimicrobial agent that can be administered once daily. ⋯ Ertapenem 1 g (reconstituted in lidocaine) administered once daily IM was generally well tolerated. The tolerability and safety profiles of IM ertapenem therapy in this study were comparable to those of IM ceftriaxone therapy.