Clinical therapeutics
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Clinical therapeutics · May 2000
Review Comparative StudyOver-the-counter analgesics and antipyretics: a critical assessment.
It is just 100 years since the introduction of aspirin to medicine. Since then, aspirin and its derivatives have been joined by acetaminophen, and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs--ibuprofen, naproxen sodium, and ketoprofen--as the only over-the-counter (OTC) agents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the short-term treatment of pain, headache, dysmenorrhea, and fever. Recently the prescription use of aspirin has expanded to include a number of antiplatelet indications. ⋯ Although all of the OTC analgesic/antipyretic agents seem to share a common mechanism of prostaglandin inhibition, there are important differences in their pharmacology, efficacy, and side-effect profiles. Considering their often-unsupervised use, the risk-benefit ratio of this class of drugs has been extremely favorable. However, when used inappropriately, even these drugs pose significant risks to certain patient populations.
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Clinical therapeutics · May 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialCombination hydrocodone and ibuprofen versus combination oxycodone and acetaminophen in the treatment of postoperative obstetric or gynecologic pain.
The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of combination hydrocodone and ibuprofen with that of combination oxycodone and acetaminophen in the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative obstetric or gynecologic pain. ⋯ In this study, a 2-tablet dose of combination hydrocodone 7.5 mg and ibuprofen 200 mg was as effective as a 2-tablet dose of combination oxycodone 5 mg and acetaminophen 325 mg in the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative obstetric or gynecologic pain. Both treatments were superior to placebo. The results of this study suggest that the combination of hydrocodone 7.5 mg and ibuprofen 200 mg may offer prescribers an additional option in combination pain therapy.
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Clinical therapeutics · Feb 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialImproved postprandial glycemic control with Humalog Mix75/25 after a standard test meal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This double-blind study was designed to compare the postprandial glucodynamic profile of Humalog Mix75/25, a new premixed insulin analogue containing 75% neutral protamine lispro and 25% insulin lispro with that of human insulin 70/30 (70% neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin and 30% regular human insulin) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ⋯ In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, premeal injection of Mix75/25 resulted in better postprandial glycemic control than did premeal injection of 70/30 in the 4 hours after a standard meal. Mix75/25 is a valuable option for managing postprandial blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who require insulin.
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Clinical therapeutics · Jan 2000
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPenciclovir cream for the treatment of sunlight-induced herpes simplex labialis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Penciclovir Cream Herpes Labialis Study Group.
The purpose of this study was to further define the therapeutic value of penciclovir cream in the treatment of sunlight-induced herpes labialis by comparing its efficacy and tolerability with those of an inactive control (purified water). ⋯ Penciclovir cream has demonstrated efficacy for a broad range of clinically important outcomes. Significant effects on lesion area, lesion symptoms, and other lesion attributes extend the clinical efficacy of penciclovir cream beyond lesion healing.
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Clinical therapeutics · Nov 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of single-dose fosfomycin and a 7-day course of nitrofurantoin in female patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infection.
This multicenter clinical trial compared single-dose fosfomycin tromethamine with a 7-day course of nitrofurantoin for the treatment of acute uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection (UTI) in female patients. Healthy females with symptoms of acute uncomplicated UTI were enrolled in a double-masked, randomized clinical trial. Assessable patients had >10(5) colony-forming units per milliliter of a uropathogen in a clean-voided midstream urine sample. ⋯ Twenty patients (5.3%) who received fosfomycin and 21 patients (5.6%) who received nitrofurantoin reported an adverse effect related to study medication. The most common side effects related to fosfomycin treatment were diarrhea (2.4%), vaginitis (1.8%), and nausea (0.8%). Both bacteriologic and clinical cure rates observed with a single 3-g dose of fosfomycin were comparable to those achieved with a 7-day course of nitrofurantoin in female patients with acute uncomplicated UTI.