The Journal of infection
-
The Journal of infection · Mar 2015
Multicenter Study Observational StudyResistance patterns and outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired pneumonia. Validation of European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) classification of multidrug resistant organisms.
Bacterial resistance has become a major public health problem. ⋯ Patients who developed ICUAP due to MDRO showed a higher ICU-mortality than non-MDRO ones and use of ICU resources. No microbiological confirmation patients had more often antibiotic consumption than culture positive patients. Risk factors for MDRO may be important for the selection of initial antimicrobial therapy, in addition to local epidemiology.
-
The Journal of infection · Feb 2015
Multicenter StudyExploratory trial of ombitasvir and ABT-450/r with or without ribavirin for HCV genotype 1, 2, and 3 infection.
To examine the safety and efficacy of ombitasvir and ABT-450 with ritonavir (ABT-450/r) ± ribavirin (RBV) in treatment-naïve, non-cirrhotic adults with chronic HCV genotype 1-3 infection. ⋯ In this study, ombitasvir and ABT-450/r ± RBV regimens were generally well-tolerated. Sustained virologic response was achieved in most patients with HCV genotype 1 or 2 infection, but low SVR rates were observed in HCV genotype 3-infected patients.
-
The Journal of infection · Jan 2015
Sepsis carries a high mortality among hospitalised adults in Malawi in the era of antiretroviral therapy scale-up: a longitudinal cohort study.
To assess mortality risk among adults presenting to an African teaching hospital with sepsis and severe sepsis in a setting of high HIV prevalence and widespread ART uptake. ⋯ Sepsis and severe sepsis carry high mortality among hospitalised adults in Malawi. Measures to reduce this, including early identification and targeted intervention in high-risk patients, especially HIV-positive individuals recently commenced on ART, are urgently required.
-
The Journal of infection · Jan 2015
Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups are associated with severe sepsis and mortality in patients who underwent major surgery.
To analyse whether mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups are associated with severe sepsis and mortality after major surgery. ⋯ European mitochondrial haplogroups might be related to the onset of severe sepsis in patients who underwent major cardiac surgery, but not in patients underwent major abdominal surgery. Besides, mtDNA haplogroups could have influence on mortality in septic patients.
-
The Journal of infection · Nov 2014
ReviewMother to child transmission of HIV: what works and how much is enough?
In 2012, 3.3 million children were living with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency virus), of whom 260,000 were new infections. Prevention of mother to child transmission is vital in reducing HIV-related child mortality and morbidity. With intervention the risk of transmission can be as low as 1% and without it, as high as 45%. ⋯ Where resources are not limited an individualised approach can be adopted. Worldwide, health care needs to be accessible and HIV testing performed in pregnancy and followed up in a robust but socially sensitive way so that treatment can be initiated appropriately. In either setting the risk of transmission is never zero and countries need to decide for themselves what is the most practical and sustainable approach for their setting, so that the maximum impact on maternal and child mortality and morbidity can be achieved.