Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Associations between sexual identity-attraction discordance, and prescription opioid misuse among adults.
Prior research has shown that sexual minorities are disproportionately affected by substance use disorders and prescription opioid misuse. While most studies explore how single dimensions of sexual orientation (i.e., identity, attraction, and behavior) are associated with substance use disorders, we aimed to explore how multiple dimensions of sexual orientation interact with substance use behaviors. Specifically, we examined sexual identity-attraction discordance, the situation when one's sexual identity does not match their socially-expected sexual attractions, with prescription opioid misuse. ⋯ Those with discordant sexual identity-attractions had higher odds of prescription opioid misuse in their lifetime (aOR= 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.40) when compared to those with concordant sexual identity-attractions. When stratified by sex, we found sexual identity-attraction discordant females had higher odds of prescription opioid misuse in their lifetime (aOR= 1.29, 95% CI 1.13-1.49); there was no association among males. These findings further emphasize the need to consider the dynamic nature of sexual orientation in substance use research.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Do e-cigarette sales reduce the demand for nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products in the US? Evidence from the retail sales data.
Despite mixed evidence, many smokers use e-cigarettes to quit smoking. With the substantial growth of e-cigarette sales in recent years, it is important to understand how it may affect FDA-approved nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products in the US. This study aims to investigate the impact of e-cigarette prices and TV advertising on the demand for NRT products. ⋯ NRT gum appeared to be complements for e-cigarettes. Recent growth in e-cigarette sales may have increased the demand for NRT gum. More studies are needed to understand the differential behavioral patterns of NRT gum users and NRT path users.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Applying social norms interventions to increase adherence to COVID-19 prevention and control guidelines.
Despite widespread national, state, and local guidelines for COVID-19 prevention, including social distancing and mask orders, many people continue to not adhere to recommendations, including congregating in groups for non-essential activities, putting themselves and others at risk. A social psychological perspective can be used to understand reasons for lack of adherence to policies and methods for increasing adherence based on successes from other behavior change campaigns. This manuscript seeks to describe some of the social psychological research that may be relevant to COVID-19 prevention and behavior change, describe how these theories have been previously applied in various domains to change behavior, and provide examples of how these approaches might be similarly applied to control the pandemic. We provide concrete examples of actions that can be taken based on social psychological research that might help to increase adherence to COVID-19 recommendations and improve prevention and control of the virus.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
The impact of capitated payment on preventive care utilization in community health clinics.
Only half of the United States population regularly receives recommended preventive care services. Alternative payment models (e.g., a per-member-per-month capitated payment model) may encourage the delivery of preventive services when compared to a fee-for-service visitbased model; however, evaluation is lacking in the United States. This study assesses the impact of implementing Oregon's Alternative Payment Methodology (APM) on orders for preventive services within community health centers (CHCs). ⋯ There was nonsignificant change in the proportion of nontraditional encounters in APM clinics compared to controls. Transition from fee-for-service to an APM did not negatively impact delivery of preventive care. Further studies are needed to understand how to change encounter structures to best deliver recommended preventive care.
-
Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Device-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in relation to mental wellbeing: An analysis of the 1970 British cohort study.
Although physical activity and sedentary behaviour have established associations with mental illness, the extent to which they impact on mental wellbeing is not well understood. We examined associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sitting time (ST) and mental wellbeing in 4526 participants from the 1970 British Cohort Study (UK) in the age 46 survey (2016-18). MVPA and ST were measured using a thigh mounted accelerometer device (activPAL 3 micro) worn continuously for 7 days and participants completed the 14-item Warwick-Edinburg Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) to assess mental wellbeing. ⋯ Our main limitation was the cross-sectional design which precludes any inference of direction of association or causality. Nevertheless, interventions to promote MVPA may be an effective public health policy to promote mental wellbeing. Further investigation of the effect different sitting behaviours has on mental wellbeing is warranted.