Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Alcohol policy effects on 100% chronic alcohol-attributable mortality across racial/ethnic subgroups.
In the United States, some racial/ethnic minorities suffer from higher rates of chronic alcohol problems, and alcohol-related morbidity and mortality than Whites. Furthermore, state-level alcohol policies may affect racial/ethnic subgroups differentially. We investigate effects of beverage-specific taxes and government control of spirits retail on alcohol-related mortality among non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) and Hispanics using death certificate and state-level alcohol policy data for 1999-2016. ⋯ Tax associations were not robust. Results support that government control of spirits retail is associated with significantly lower 100% AAD from chronic causes Overall and among non-Hispanic Whites and Hispanics. Government control of spirits retail may reduce both population-level 100% chronic AAD as well as racial/ethnic disparities in 100% chronic AAD.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Concurrent E-cigarette and marijuana use and health-risk behaviors among U.S. high school students.
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and marijuana remain prevalent problems among adolescents nationwide. We assessed current (past 30-day) exclusive e-cigarette use, exclusive marijuana use, and concurrent use with unintentional injury and violent behaviors, alcohol and other drug use behaviors, and sexual behaviors among U. S. high school students. ⋯ Among current users only, exclusive e-cigarette users and exclusive marijuana users were at reduced odds of engaging in most of these health-risk behaviors when compared to concurrent users of both substances. The relationship between exclusive and concurrent e-cigarette and marijuana use and health-risk behaviors highlights the importance of comprehensive educational efforts during high school. Findings suggest need for more studies on influence of e-cigarette and marijuana use on injury and violence risk among youth.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
The multivariate physical activity signature associated with body mass index in young children.
The evidence regarding associations between intensity-specific physical activity and adiposity in young children is conflicting. Moreover, the evidence is limited by analytical approaches that cannot handle the multicollinearity among multiple variables across the entire intensity spectrum. We aimed to determine the multivariate physical activity intensity signature associated with body mass index in a large sample of preschool children aged 3-6 years. 1182 Norwegian preschool children (mean age 4.7 years, 51% boys) provided data on physical activity (ActiGraph GT3X+) and body mass index during 2015-2016. ⋯ Association patterns were comparable for boys and girls. In conclusion, we found clear associations with body mass index across the physical activity intensity spectrum in preschool children. However, the age-specific association patterns suggest negative (unfavorable) associations with vigorous physical activity intensities develop around 5-6 years of age.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Role of community pharmacies in a population-based colorectal cancer screening program.
In Catalonia (Spain), population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening offers biennial fecal occult blood testing to men and women aged 50-69 years old. The program is organized in screening hubs, most of which use a pharmacy-based model to distribute and collect fecal immunochemical test (FIT) kits The comprehensive evaluation of CRC screening programs, which include the role and implications of pharmacy involvement, is essential to ensure program quality and identify areas for further improvement. The present study aimed to assess the adherence of community pharmacies to the CRC screening program and to analyze data on FIT kit distribution and collection in the Metropolitan area of Barcelona (Catalonia, Spain). ⋯ From those who completed a FIT, the median time to return the kit was 3 days. FIT completion time was significantly lower among women, older age, high deprivation score index and previous CRC screening (p < 0.005). Our findings highlight the large involvement of community pharmacists with CRC screening program as well as a high quality in the process of FIT distribution and collection.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Physical inactivity from youth to adulthood and adult cardiometabolic risk profile.
Adults with a low physical activity (PA) level are at increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases, but little is known on the association between physical inactivity since youth and cardiometabolic health in adulthood. We investigated the association of persistent physical inactivity from youth to adulthood with adult cardiometabolic risk factors. Data were drawn from the ongoing Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study with seven follow-ups between 1980 and 2011 (baseline age 3-18 years, n = 1961). ⋯ The results remained essentially similar after adjustment for education, diet, smoking, and BMI. Persistently physically inactive lifestyle since youth is associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk profile in adulthood. Importantly, even minor increase in PA lowers the cardiometabolic risk.