Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
Secular trends of physical fitness in Austrian children attending sports schools: An analysis of repeated cross-sections from 2006 to 2023.
Physical fitness (PF) offers numerous physical and mental health benefits, especially during childhood. Previous studies investigating trends in children's PF over the years reported contradictory findings. ⋯ There has been a steady decline in PF among Austrian children attending sports schools. This finding underscores the need for enhanced PF monitoring and training in schools to improve public health outcomes.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
Food insecurity and substance use among young adults in the United States.
The purpose of this study was to examine the association between food insecurity and substance use among young adults aged 18-25 in the U.S. ⋯ Food insecurity may serve as an important indicator of substance use among young adults. Practitioners should consider screening for food insecurity, providing information about food access, and developing interventions to address food insecurity among the young adults with whom they work. Future research should examine these associations prospectively to better understand how food insecurity may contribute to the initiation and/or escalation of substance use.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
ReviewAn atlas on risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.
Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most frequent cancer types and seriously threaten human life and health. Recent studies attribute the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancers to both genetic and environmental factors, yet the intrinsic etiology remains unclear. Mendelian randomization is a powerful well-established statistical method that is based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) to evaluate the causal relationship between exposures and outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies investigating any causal risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. ⋯ Larger, well-designed Mendelian randomization studies are practical in determining the causal status of risk factors for diseases.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
Moral values and vaccination behavior in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effective persuasive communication necessitates message matching; the conveyed message should resonate with the recipient's characteristics, including individual moral values. While studies examining the relationship between moral values and vaccination behavior have been conducted in a limited number of countries, this study seeks to provide evidence on this relationship beyond Western democracies. ⋯ Our findings carry public health implications; an understanding of the moral psychology underlying vaccination behavior can facilitate more targeted and effective health communication. Employing skillfully crafted moral appeals may mitigate negative attitudes toward vaccination and enhance vaccination rates.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
ReviewU.S. postsecondary students' health and academic outcomes: A comprehensive scoping review.
The relationship between postsecondary students' health and academic outcomes may have important implications for their collegiate experience and their future prospects. Yet a comprehensive summary of the evidence examining this potential connection does not presently exist. Seeking to fill this gap, this study reviewed the extant literature on postsecondary students' academic outcomes and health across multiple domains. ⋯ This study serves as a first step in understanding the scope of existing research examining the connection between postsecondary students' health and academic outcomes. A substantial literature base was found; however, several gaps were identified including the need for more cohort studies, national studies, examination of graduate students, and a focus on academic outcomes beyond GPA.