Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
ReviewDentists' knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of antibiotic prescribing: A systematic review.
This study aims to explore dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding antibiotic use. ⋯ The review emphasizes that dentists' antibiotic prescribing is predominantly influenced by modifiable factors. This insight informs the potential for targeted interventions to curtail inappropriate antibiotic use, contributing to global efforts in reducing antibiotic resistance. The protocol of this systematic review can be found in PROSPERO under registration no. CRD42021253937.
-
Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
ReviewSmoking and pulmonary health in women: A narrative review and behavioral health perspective.
Cigarette smoking prevalence has declined slower among women than men, and smoking-related pulmonary disease (PD) has risen among women. Given these trends, there is a critical need to understand and mitigate PD risk among women who smoke. The purpose of this narrative review and commentary is to highlight important evidence from the literature on smoking and PD among women. ⋯ Rising rates of smoking-related PD among women risk widening diagnostic and treatment disparities. Ongoing research is needed to explore potentially complex relationships between sex, gender, and smoking-related PD processes and outcomes, and to improve smoking-cessation and PD treatment for women.
-
Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Randomized Controlled TrialReducing perceived barriers to scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution and medications for opioid use disorder in the United States in the HEALing (helping end addiction long-term®) communities study.
Scaling up overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) is needed to reduce opioid overdose deaths, but barriers are pervasive. This study examines whether the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention reduced perceived barriers to expanding OEND and MOUD in healthcare/behavioral health, criminal-legal, and other/non-traditional venues. ⋯ The CTH Intervention reduced perceived barriers to scaling up OEND and MOUD in certain venues, with no difference in effectiveness between rural and urban communities. More research is needed to understand facilitators and barriers in different venues.
-
Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Cross-sectional patterns and longitudinal transitions of unflavored and flavored cigar use without and with cigarettes among United States adults.
Over half of US adults who smoke cigars use flavored cigars, illustrating their broad appeal; however, their long-term impact on cigar and cigarette use is unknown. ⋯ Adult cigar use was less stable than cigarette use, particularly among those who use flavored cigars. Future research should investigate whether these transition patterns between flavored and unflavored cigar and cigarette use vary across sociodemographic groups and their potential long-term health implications.
-
Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Post-diagnostic lifestyle and mortality of cancer survivors: Results from a prospective cohort study.
Lifestyle factors after cancer diagnosis could influence cancer survival. This study aimed to investigate the joint effects of smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, diet and sleep duration on all-cause, cancer and non-cancer mortality of cancer survivors in UK biobank. ⋯ Healthier lifestyles were significantly linked with reduced mortality among cancer survivors. These findings highlight the need for adherence to healthy lifestyle habits to improve survival.