Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Polygenic risk, childhood abuse and gene x environment interactions with depression development from middle to late adulthood: A U.S. national life-course study.
Utilizing national longitudinal data, this study examines how polygenic depression risk and childhood abuse interactively influence the life-course development of depressive conditions from middle to late adulthood. ⋯ The interaction between childhood abuse and genetic factors significantly shaped lifelong depression trajectories in males, while the negative impact of abusive parenting remained constant regardless of polygenic depression risk among females. Individualized prevention and intervention strategies could be crucial in mitigating lifelong depression development, especially for high-genetic-risk males with a history of childhood physical abuse.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Traumatic brain injury and long-term associations with work, divorce and academic achievement.
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI), irrespective of severity, may have long-term social implications. This study explores the relationships between TBI severity and outcomes related to work stability, divorce, and academic achievement. ⋯ TBI is associated with an increased long-term risk of social consequences, including work instability, divorce, and diminished chances of higher education, even in cases with concussion.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Adolescent behavioral problems, preterm/low birth weight children and adult life success in a prospective Australian birth cohort study.
Preterm and/or low birthweight (PT/LBW) is predictive of a range of adverse adult outcomes, including lower employment, educational attainment, and mental wellbeing, and higher welfare receipt. Existing studies, however, on PT/LBW and adult psychosocial risks are often limited by low statistical power. Studies also fail to examine potential child or adolescent pathways leading to later adult adversity. Using a life course framework, we examine how adolescent problem behaviors may moderate the association between PT/LBW and a multidimensional measure of life success at age 30 to potentially address these limitations. ⋯ For PT/LBW, adolescent problem behaviors increase risk of lower life success at age 30. Compared to analysis of singular outcomes, the incorporation of multidimensional measures of adult wellbeing, paired with identification of risk and protective factors for adult life success as children develop over the lifespan, may further advance existing research and interventions for PT/LBW children.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Birth-cohort patterns of e-cigarette and other tobacco use among adolescents in the US.
E-cigarette use has increased considerably among US adolescents. While many studies have described cross-sectional prevalence trends of youth e-cigarette use, less is known about cohort or generational initiation and use patterns. ⋯ Despite their recent emergence, e-cigarette use has varied considerably across US adolescent cohorts. After early increases, e-cigarette use and initiation peaked with the 2005 birth cohort. These patterns are in contrast with the continuous decreases by cohort in cigarette, cigar, and smokeless use and initiation. As the tobacco product landscape continues to evolve, it will be essential to monitor patterns of use of adolescent and young adult cohorts as they age into adulthood.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Trends in cardiovascular health among US adults by glycemic status based on Life's Essential 8.
We aimed to assess the secular trends in cardiovascular health (CVH) among U.S. adults with different glycemic statuses based on the Life's Essential 8 (LE8). ⋯ Trends in CVH among participants with diabetes or prediabetes were suboptimal from 2007 to 2018, with persistent education/income disparities.