Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Adolescent behavioral problems, preterm/low birth weight children and adult life success in a prospective Australian birth cohort study.
Preterm and/or low birthweight (PT/LBW) is predictive of a range of adverse adult outcomes, including lower employment, educational attainment, and mental wellbeing, and higher welfare receipt. Existing studies, however, on PT/LBW and adult psychosocial risks are often limited by low statistical power. Studies also fail to examine potential child or adolescent pathways leading to later adult adversity. Using a life course framework, we examine how adolescent problem behaviors may moderate the association between PT/LBW and a multidimensional measure of life success at age 30 to potentially address these limitations. ⋯ For PT/LBW, adolescent problem behaviors increase risk of lower life success at age 30. Compared to analysis of singular outcomes, the incorporation of multidimensional measures of adult wellbeing, paired with identification of risk and protective factors for adult life success as children develop over the lifespan, may further advance existing research and interventions for PT/LBW children.
-
Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
The association between weight-adjusted-waist index and psoriasis: A cross-sectional study.
This study explored the association between psoriasis and the weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), a newly developed measure of adiposity. The research was conducted among adults in the United States. ⋯ Our study suggested that in US adults, there is a positive association between WWI and psoriasis. It also indicated that WWI showed potential as a valuable index of psoriasis among the general population.
-
Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Behavioral counseling for cardiovascular disease prevention in 36 low-income and middle-income countries.
Given the substantial prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), evaluation of behavioral counseling for prevention of CVD is important. ⋯ The prevalence of behavioral counseling for CVD is low in LMICs, especially among potentially at-risk populations and in low-income countries. These findings highlight the current urgent need to improve CVD prevention and management systems to enhance behavioral counseling and intervention.
-
Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
The relationship between neighbourhood built characteristics, physical activity, and health-related fitness in urban dwelling Canadian adults: A mediation analysis.
Physical activity supportive environments have the potential to promote health-related fitness in adults. However, the extent to which neighbourhood built characteristics promote health-related fitness via physical activity has received little research attention. Therefore, our objective was to estimate the indirect and direct effects between neighbourhood built characteristics and health-related fitness mediated by physical activity. ⋯ Individual Canadian Active Living Environment built characteristics are positively associated with moderate-intensity physical activity and negatively associated with light-intensity physical activity. Further, associations between activity friendly neighbourhood characteristics and health related-fitness may be distinct from physical activity.
-
Preventive medicine · Aug 2024
Birth-cohort patterns of e-cigarette and other tobacco use among adolescents in the US.
E-cigarette use has increased considerably among US adolescents. While many studies have described cross-sectional prevalence trends of youth e-cigarette use, less is known about cohort or generational initiation and use patterns. ⋯ Despite their recent emergence, e-cigarette use has varied considerably across US adolescent cohorts. After early increases, e-cigarette use and initiation peaked with the 2005 birth cohort. These patterns are in contrast with the continuous decreases by cohort in cigarette, cigar, and smokeless use and initiation. As the tobacco product landscape continues to evolve, it will be essential to monitor patterns of use of adolescent and young adult cohorts as they age into adulthood.