Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
ReviewBurden of disease from second-hand tobacco smoke exposure at home among adults from European Union countries in 2017: an analysis using a review of recent meta-analyses.
Smoke-free legislation reduced second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in public places, and indirectly promoted private smoke-free settings. Nevertheless, a large proportion of adults is still exposed to SHS at home. The aim of this paper is to quantify the burden of disease due to home SHS exposure among adults in the 28-European Union (EU) countries for year 2017. ⋯ South-Eastern EU countries showed the highest burden, with proportion of DALYs/deaths attributable to SHS exposure on total higher than 0.50%/0.70%, whereas northern EU-countries showed the lowest burden, with proportions of DALYs/deaths lower than 0.25%/0.34%. The burden from SHS exposure is still significant in EU countries. More could be done to raise awareness of the health risks associated with SHS exposure at home.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
ReviewA narrative review of HPV vaccination interventions in rural U.S. communities.
Uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in the United States (U. S.) is far below the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80% coverage among adolescents. In rural communities, HPV vaccination coverage is low, yet incidence and mortality rates of HPV-associated cancer are high. ⋯ Across the studies, there was an absence of the description of rural context. As compared to the broader HPV vaccination intervention literature, interventions in rural settings were limited. More interventional research is needed in rural communities given the elevated rates of HPV-related cancer and low rates of HPV vaccine uptake.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialComputer-tailored intervention increases colorectal cancer screening among low-income African Americans in primary care: Results of a randomized trial.
Although African Americans have the highest colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality rates of any racial group, their screening rates remain low. ⋯ This one-time computer-tailored intervention significantly improved CRC screening rates among low-income African American patients. This finding was largely driven by increasing SBT but the impact of the intervention on colonoscopy screening was strong. Implementation of a CRC screening quality improvement program in the VA site that included provision of stool blood test kits and follow-up likely contributed to the strong intervention effect observed at that site. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT00672828.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Tobacco product use and susceptibility to use among sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents.
Sexual identity is associated with tobacco use in adults. We examined tobacco use and susceptibility to use by sexual identity in adolescents. Data were collected in February 2019 via Qualtrics research participant panels. ⋯ The current findings indicate greater susceptibility to use e-cigarettes and greater tobacco product initiation, but not continuation, among sexual minority adolescents. Sexual minority-tailored interventions may be warranted to prevent tobacco product initiation. Worth exploring are the associations between sexual identity, tobacco marketing exposure, and friend(s)' e-cigarette use.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
The early effects of cumulative and individual adverse childhood experiences on child diet: Examining the role of socioeconomic status.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with detrimental long-term health outcomes, including obesity risk. Existing research has yet to examine whether early life ACEs are associated with diet in early childhood within socioeconomic subgroups. Data were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (2001-2002). ⋯ In the full sample, incarceration was associated with less frequent fruit intake (b = -0.24, p = 0.02), and domestic violence was associated with higher sweet snack (b = 0.22, p = 0.01) and SSB intake (b = 0.27, p = 0.009). Results provide preliminary evidence on the association between cumulative and specific ACEs and child diet, and how this relationship varies by SES context. Future research is needed to understand the complex multi-level mechanisms operating along this pathway in order to inform interventions supporting behavior change and to build evidence for policies that may reduce diet-related disparities in ACE exposure.