Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2020
Barriers to eating are associated with poor physical function in older women.
Older adults have physical and social barriers to eating but whether this affects functional status is unknown. We examined associations between eating barriers and physical function in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). In 2012-14, a subset of alive and participating women (n = 5910) completed an in-home examination including the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (grip strength, balance, timed walking speed, chair stand). ⋯ Models additionally adjusting for Healthy Eating Index-2010 had little influence on scores. As barriers increased, scores declined further for grip strength (16.10 kg for 4-5 barriers, p = .001), timed walk (0.58 m/s for 4-5 barriers, p = .001) and total SPPB (7.27 for 4-5 barriers, p < .0001). In conclusion, in this WHI subset, eating barriers were associated with poor SPPB scores.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2020
The influence of unhealthy behaviours on early exit from paid employment among workers with a chronic disease: a prospective study using the Lifelines cohort.
This study examined the risk of unhealthy behaviours and the additive effects of multiple unhealthy behaviours on exit from paid employment among workers with a chronic disease and investigated effect modification by gender and educational level. ⋯ Unhealthy behaviours increased the risk to exit paid employment through unemployment and disability benefits among workers with a chronic disease, and this risk increased when having multiple unhealthy behaviours. Health promotion to support workers with chronic diseases to make healthier choices may help to extend their working life.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2020
Are one-year changes in adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines associated with flourishing among Canadian youth?
Movement behaviours (e.g., physical inactivity, short sleep duration, high screen time) are associated with mental illness but less is known about the relationship between health behaviours and positive mental health constructs such as flourishing. This study examines if changes in adherence to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Behaviour Guidelines for Children and Youth (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), total screen time (ST), sleep) are associated with changes in youth flourishing over one year. Students (N = 2292) were recruited from 12 secondary schools in Canada participating in the COMPASS study. ⋯ Reducing ST was associated with higher flourishing for males only relative to other males who continued to exceed the ST guidelines (Est:2.23, SE:1.04, p < .03). Longer sleep duration had the most consistent association with greater flourishing among females (Est:1.02, SE:0.3, p < .001) and males (Est:0.93, SE:0.34, p < .006), highlighting sleep as a public health priority in the context of 24-hour movement behaviours. These findings contribute to increasing calls for research examining positive mental health constructs independent of mental illness.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2020
Observational StudySun-protective clothing and shade use in public outdoor leisure settings from 1992 - 2019: Results from cross-sectional observational surveys in Melbourne, Australia.
Skin cancer presents a significant public health burden in Australia. The present study aimed to supplement population-based estimates of sun protection behaviour by examining setting-specific trends in directly observed sun protection in public outdoor leisure settings. Repeated cross-sectional observational surveys of adolescents and adults were conducted on summer weekends between 11 am and 3 pm from 1992 to 2002, 2006 to 2012, and 2018 to 2019 (N = 44,979) at pools/beaches and parks/gardens within 25 km of the centre of Melbourne, Victoria. ⋯ At pools/beaches, a slight decline in above-median body coverage between 2006 and 2019 in males and females (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 0.96 [0.94, 0.97]; 0.94 [0.93, 0.95]) appeared to be driven by a decline in leg coverage, while arm coverage, hat, sunglasses, and shade use remained stable. At parks/gardens, a decline in above-median body coverage between 2006 and 2019 (AOR = 0.90 [0.89, 0.91]; 0.94 [0.93, 0.95]) was accompanied by small declines across other protective behaviours that varied between males and females. Patterns in protective behaviours observed in outdoor leisure settings may reflect the changing composition of individuals choosing to remain outdoors during peak UV times and highlight the importance of continued promotion and monitoring of the use of multiple measures to protect against UV damage in Australia.