Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2024
Reprint of: Clustering of behavioral economic biases in decision-making and risk for cigarette smoking and other substance use in women and men.
Low loss aversion (LA) and high delay discounting (DD) are behavioral-economic decision-making biases that independently predict cigarette smoking and other risky substance use. Here we examine (1) whether low-LA and high-DD co-occur, (2) does co-occurrence increase the odds of current smoking and other substance use compared to only low-LA, high-DD, or neither; and (3) potential gender differences in these associations. ⋯ Low-LA and high-DD cluster in women and men such that exhibiting one of these decision-making biases doubles the odds of exhibiting the other. These results demonstrate reliable clustering of low-LA and high-DD and a striking increase in risk for substance use relative to having only one or neither decision-making bias.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2024
Reprint of: Examining U.S. disparities in smoking among rural versus urban women of reproductive age: 2002-2019.
This study is part of a programmatic investigation of rural disparities in cigarette smoking examining disparities in smoking prevalence and for the first-time quit ratios among adult women of reproductive age (18-44 years), a highly vulnerable population due to risk for multigenerational adverse effects. ⋯ These results support a longstanding and robust rural disparity in smoking prevalence among women of reproductive age including those currently pregnant and provides novel evidence that differences in smoking cessation contribute to this disparity further underscoring a need for greater access to evidence-based tobacco control and regulatory interventions in rural regions.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2024
E-cigarette use and respiratory illnesses among U.S. adults: An analysis of the population assessment of tobacco and health study.
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) entered the United States marketplace in 2007. Because of the chemical composition of e-cigarette liquid, there are concerns related to its effects on respiratory illnesses. ⋯ These findings suggest that the relationship between e-cigarette use and any respiratory illness varies with age. Interventions and policies to reduce e-cigarette use should target high-risk groups for any respiratory illness.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
Emotional barriers pose the greatest threat to cervical cancer screening for young adult women in the United Kingdom.
Low cervical screening coverage rate is the root-cause of cervical cancer mortality in the United Kingdom (UK), with 99 % of deaths being considered preventable. Research has consistently categorised reasons for non-attendance into emotional, practical, and cognitive barriers. Despite this, public health interventions have been unable to improve coverage rates. We propose a lifespan perspective is needed, to enable targeted interventions at appropriate milestones (i.e., common life events) during a woman's life. We start this lifespan perspective by investigating the perceived barriers young women report, who have and have not yet been invited to their first cervical screen (i.e., a common life event). ⋯ Emotional barriers pose the greatest threat to cervical screening attendance in young adult women. Interventions should start at school to encourage cervical screening to be viewed as routine healthcare. Future research should continue a lifespan perspective, indexed to common life events.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
Impact of perceived neighborhood social cohesion on vaccination intentions in the post-pandemic era.
To examine the relationship between perceived neighborhood social cohesion (NSC) and intentions to obtain seasonal influenza and COVID-19 vaccines among US adults post COVID-19 pandemic. ⋯ In a post-pandemic era, higher trust-related and relational, perceived NSC (vaccine-dependent), greater access to healthcare, higher perceived risk of infection, and greater trust in doctors were related to higher influenza and COVID-19 vaccination intentions, while higher value-based NSC was related to lower COVID-19 vaccination intentions among US adults. Thus, specific aspects of NSC, healthcare access barriers, misinformation on infection risk, and medical mistrust may influence an individual's willingness and ultimate decision to become vaccinated.