Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2014
Comparative StudyHousehold physical activity and mortality in older adults: a national cohort study in Spain.
To examine the association between household physical activity (HPA) and all-cause mortality in a cohort of older adults from Spain, and the role of sedentary time on this association. ⋯ In women, HPA is associated with reduced mortality regardless of sitting time. HPA may also contribute to longer survival among men with longer sitting time.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2014
Limited health literacy is a barrier to colorectal cancer screening in England: evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.
To determine the association between health literacy and participation in publicly available colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in England using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). ⋯ Limited health literacy is a barrier to participation in England's national, publicly available CRC screening programme. Interventions should include appropriate design of information materials, provision of alternative support, and increased one-on-one interaction with health care professionals.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2014
Total body skin examination for skin cancer screening among U.S. adults from 2000 to 2010.
Melanoma incidence and mortality are increasing among United States adults. At present, routine skin cancer screening via total body skin examinations (TBSEs) by a physician is not recommended by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF); while organizations such as the American Cancer Society recommend screening. Currently, there are limited data on the prevalence, correlates, and trends of TBSE among United States adults. ⋯ TBSE rates have been increasing since 2000 both overall and among higher-risk groups. Data on screening trends could help tailor future prevention strategies.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyThe impact of product information and trials on demand for smokeless tobacco and cigarettes: evidence from experimental auctions.
Epidemiological and toxicological evidence suggests lower risk of smokeless tobacco (ST) products compared to cigarettes. Less is known, however, about consumer perceptions and use of novel forms of ST, including snus and dissolvable tobacco. ⋯ These findings suggest that credible and effective communications about tobacco harm reduction should reinforce the negative effects of smoking.
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Preventive medicine · Mar 2014
Pregnancy and post-delivery maternal weight changes and overweight in preschool children.
High maternal weight before and during pregnancy contributes to child obesity. To assess the additional role of weight change after delivery, we examined associations between pre- and post-pregnancy weight changes and preschooler overweight. ⋯ Increased maternal weight gain both during and after pregnancy predicted overweight in preschool children. Our results suggest that healthy post-pregnancy weight may join normal pre-pregnancy BMI and adequate GWG as a potentially modifiable risk factor for child overweight.