Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
ReviewAn atlas on risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers: A systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.
Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most frequent cancer types and seriously threaten human life and health. Recent studies attribute the occurrence of gastrointestinal cancers to both genetic and environmental factors, yet the intrinsic etiology remains unclear. Mendelian randomization is a powerful well-established statistical method that is based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) to evaluate the causal relationship between exposures and outcomes. In the present study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies investigating any causal risk factors for gastrointestinal cancers. ⋯ Larger, well-designed Mendelian randomization studies are practical in determining the causal status of risk factors for diseases.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
Moral values and vaccination behavior in Russia during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Effective persuasive communication necessitates message matching; the conveyed message should resonate with the recipient's characteristics, including individual moral values. While studies examining the relationship between moral values and vaccination behavior have been conducted in a limited number of countries, this study seeks to provide evidence on this relationship beyond Western democracies. ⋯ Our findings carry public health implications; an understanding of the moral psychology underlying vaccination behavior can facilitate more targeted and effective health communication. Employing skillfully crafted moral appeals may mitigate negative attitudes toward vaccination and enhance vaccination rates.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
ReviewU.S. postsecondary students' health and academic outcomes: A comprehensive scoping review.
The relationship between postsecondary students' health and academic outcomes may have important implications for their collegiate experience and their future prospects. Yet a comprehensive summary of the evidence examining this potential connection does not presently exist. Seeking to fill this gap, this study reviewed the extant literature on postsecondary students' academic outcomes and health across multiple domains. ⋯ This study serves as a first step in understanding the scope of existing research examining the connection between postsecondary students' health and academic outcomes. A substantial literature base was found; however, several gaps were identified including the need for more cohort studies, national studies, examination of graduate students, and a focus on academic outcomes beyond GPA.
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
Randomized Controlled TrialEffectiveness of alcohol warning labels for at-risk groups and the general public: A policy-informing randomized experiment in Chile.
The World Health Organization recommends using health-risk warnings on alcoholic beverages. This study examines the impact of separate or combined warning labels for at-risk groups and the general population on alcohol purchase decisions. ⋯ General cancer risk warnings are more effective at reducing alcohol purchase decisions compared to warning labels for specific groups or labels using multiple warnings. In addition to warning labels, other policies should be considered for addressing well-known alcohol-related risks (e.g., drinking and driving).
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Preventive medicine · Oct 2024
The association between precarious employment and stress among working aged individuals in the United States.
Precarious employment is a plausible stressor, which may adversely affect health. We investigated the association between multidimensional precarious employment and perceived and biological stress in the U.S. ⋯ Given the deleterious effects of stress on health, policies to reduce precarious employment warrant consideration.