Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition
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J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. · Nov 2002
Gut hormones in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis during starvation and reintroduction of enteral nutrition.
Gastrointestinal hormones control gut functions in response to enteral nutrition. Diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, such as necrotizing enterocolitis, may affect gut hormone secretion and therefore influence gut functions. Because bowel rest is an important part of the treatment, infants with this disease are especially at risk for an altered gut hormone secretion and thus for compromised gut functions. ⋯ Enteral nutrition stimulates the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones, also in premature infants with a diseased distal small bowel and colon, as in necrotizing enterocolitis. The postprandial increase of peptide YY in patients with an ileostomy indicates that enteral substrate in the colon is not necessary for stimulation of peptide YY secretion.
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J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. · Sep 2002
Assay of tracheal pepsin as a marker of reflux aspiration.
Aspiration of gastric contents is a relatively common cause of acute and chronic pulmonary disease. However, a reliable method of diagnosing recurrent aspiration is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to determine whether the presence of gastric pepsin in tracheal aspirates of infants and children might be used as a reliable marker of the microaspiration of refluxed gastric contents. ⋯ Tracheal pepsin assay as a reliable marker of gastroesophageal reflux aspiration.
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J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. · Sep 2002
Fat laden macrophages in tracheal aspirates as a marker of reflux aspiration: a negative report.
Refluxed gastric material aspirated into the lungs is an important cause of acute and chronic pulmonary disease. Currently, the presence of fat-laden macrophages (FLM) in tracheobronchial secretions of children is a conventional marker for reflux aspiration. However, this assay is limited by its apparent lack of specificity. The aim of this study was to reevaluate the role of this assay in diagnosing reflux aspiration. ⋯ Assay of FLM in the tracheal aspirates of children considered at risk of reflux aspiration is not a sensitive or specific as a marker for reflux aspiration.
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J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. · Aug 2002
Small bowel intestinal permeability in Australian aboriginal children.
To show that the severity of diarrheal disease in Aboriginal children in tropical Australia is a consequence of underlying small intestinal mucosal damage. ⋯ An underlying tropical-environmental enteropathy contributes to the severity of acute gastroenteritis in Aboriginal children. Diarrheal complications, such as acidosis, hypokalemia, and osmotic diarrhea are associated with high L/R ratios, reflecting greater small intestinal mucosal damage.
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J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. · Jul 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of oral diazepam versus midazolam, administered with intravenous meperidine, as premedication to sedation for pediatric endoscopy.
This study was performed to compare the effects of oral midazolam and oral diazepam, administered with intravenous (IV) meperidine, on pre-procedural, procedural, and post-procedural sedation and recovery in children undergoing diagnostic upper endoscopy. The costs of pre-procedure sedation were compared for the two benzodiazepines. ⋯ Oral midazolam and diazepam, in conjunction with IV administration of meperidine, provide comparable, effective, and safe premedication for children undergoing upper endoscopy. The cost of midazolam was substantially higher than diazepam.