Journal of the American College of Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Dietary and supplement treatment of iron deficiency results in improvements in general health and fatigue in Australian women of childbearing age.
To examine the effects of iron deficiency and its treatment by iron supplementation or a high iron diet on fatigue and general health measures in women of childbearing age. ⋯ Treatment of iron deficiency with either supplementation or a high iron diet results in improved mental health and decreased fatigue among women of childbearing age.
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To investigate the effects of oats, a cereal rich in soluble fiber, on body composition changes and dietary compliance during consumption of a weight loss diet. ⋯ These results suggest that use of a cereal rich in soluble fiber in a closely monitored hypocaloric feeding regimen does not improve weight loss or dietary compliance. Further studies are needed to examine the possibility that cereals containing soluble fiber may have effects on hunger and dietary compliance that could be important in less tightly controlled protocols than the one described here.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The effect of caffeinated, non-caffeinated, caloric and non-caloric beverages on hydration.
To examine the effect of various combinations of beverages on hydration status in healthy free-living adult males. ⋯ This preliminary study found no significant differences in the effect of various combinations of beverages on hydration status of healthy adult males. Advising people to disregard caffeinated beverages as part of the daily fluid intake is not substantiated by the results of this study. The across-treatment weight loss observed, when combined with data on fluid-disease relationships, suggests that optimal fluid intake may be higher than common recommendations. Further research is needed to confirm these results and to explore optimal fluid intake for healthy individuals.
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To study a new technique of intubating the small bowel using a newly developed nasoenteral feeding tube fitted with a magnet in its tip and guided for placement with an external magnet. ⋯ Enteral feeding tube placement using external magnetic guidance is a promising, novel technique which is deserving of further study.
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Dietary guidance recommends consumption of whole grains for the prevention of cancer. Epidemiologic studies find that whole grains are protective against cancer, especially gastrointestinal cancers such as gastric and colonic, and hormonally-dependent cancers including breast and prostate. Four potential mechanisms for the protectiveness of whole grains against cancer are described. ⋯ Thirdly, whole grains are significant sources of phytoestrogens that have hormonal effects related to cancer protection. Phytoestrogens are thought to be particularly important in the prevention of hormonally-dependent cancers such as breast and prostate. Finally, whole grains mediate glucose response, which has been proposed to protect against colon and breast cancer.