Emergency medicine clinics of North America
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After decades of decline, tuberculosis has emerged as a global health challenge. In the setting of HIV immunocompromise, TB occurs frequently, early, and often atypically. ⋯ Increased prevalence of treatment failure, drug-resistant strains, and nosocomial transmission of multidrug-resistant TB are discussed as are new diagnostic tests that will accelerate the time to diagnosis and allow better epidemiologic tracking. Early recognition, isolation, appropriate therapy, and environmental controls that will protect staff and patients from the risk of exposure are also described.