Birth
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Immersion in water in the first stage of labor: a randomized controlled trial.
Current forms of analgesia often have significant side effects for women in labor. Bathing in warm water during labor has been reported to increase a woman's comfort level and cause a reduction in painful contractions. The objective of this trial was to compare immersion in warm water during labor with traditional pain management for a range of clinical and psychological outcomes. ⋯ Bathing in labor confers no clear benefits for the laboring woman but may contribute to adverse effects in the neonate.
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Few studies have examined women's preferences for birth. The object of this study was to determine the incidence of women's preferred type of birth, and the reasons and factors associated with their preference. ⋯ Women who preferred a cesarean section were more likely to have experienced this type of birth previously and to have negative feelings about it. To decrease women's preference for a cesarean section, practitioners should reduce the primary cesarean delivery rate and improve the quality of emotional care for women who require a cesarean section. Caregivers should engage in a sensitive discussion of the risks and benefits of various birth options, including a vaginal birth after cesarean, with women who have previously experienced a cesarean birth before they make decisions about mode of delivery in a subsequent pregnancy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Reducing postnatal pain from perineal tears by using lignocaine gel: a double-blind randomized trial.
Perineal pain is one of the most common causes of maternal morbidity in the early puerperium. Several randomized trials have shown that topical application of local anesthetics is effective in reducing postepisiotomy pain, but no randomized study has assessed the efficacy of local anesthetics for other perineal trauma. This study investigated if topically applied 2 percent lignocaine gel was an effective treatment for this group of women. ⋯ This study suggested that lignocaine gel may be effective on the second postnatal day. Further research is required to assess the optimum timing of this intervention and the population that would most benefit from its use.
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Comparative Study
Maternal analgesia during labor disturbs newborn behavior: effects on breastfeeding, temperature, and crying.
Newborns not exposed to analgesia, when placed on the mother's chest, exhibit an inborn prefeeding behavior. This study was performed to assess the effects of different types of analgesia during labor on the development of spontaneous breastfeeding movements, crying behavior, and skin temperature during the first hours of life in healthy term newborns. ⋯ The present data indicate that several types of analgesia given to the mother during labor may interfere with the newborn's spontaneous breast-seeking and breastfeeding behaviors and increase the newborn's temperature and crying.