Social science & medicine
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Social science & medicine · Apr 1998
Psychological distress and well-being among traumatized Palestinian women during the intifada.
Little is known about the ways in which Palestinian women who were subjected to political violence during the intifada coped with stress. This study investigated the extent to which differences in the presence of trauma, political and normative stressors, family resources, family coping, and family hardiness could account for variation in women psychological distress and well-being. Results indicated that normative stressors were more predictive of psychological distress and well-being than was the presence of trauma or political stressors. ⋯ While the social-psychological resources of women were found to be negatively related to psychological distress and well-being, the sociodemographic resources had different patterns of relations. Also, family hardiness was evidenced to have an influence on perceived psychological distress among traumatized and non-traumatized women, whereas effective coping and supportive resources may directly affect functioning among traumatized women only. The clinical and policy implications of these conclusions were discussed.
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Social science & medicine · Apr 1998
Which terminally ill cancer patients receive hospice in-patient care?
The objective of this study was to investigate which terminally ill cancer patients receive in-patient care in hospices and other specialist palliative care in-patient units. An interview survey was made of family or others who knew about the last year of life of a random sample of people who died in 1990. Twenty district health authorities from a range of inner city, outer urban and rural settings took part. ⋯ It was found that symptom severity, age, dependency level and site of cancer played a role in determining hospice admission but have limited predictive value. Admission seems to be governed more by chance than by need. Further research is needed to identify which patients benefit most from in-patient care in hospices and other specialist palliative care units as the present arrangements appear to be both inequitable and insupportable.
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Social science & medicine · Apr 1998
The demand for prehospital emergency services in an aging society.
This research examines the implications of an aging society on the demand for prehospital emergency medical services (EMS). Using a large comprehensive set of population-based EMS utilization data (N = 73874) and population data from the 1990 Census for the City of Dallas, Texas, rates of utilization for eight age groups were computed for total EMS incidents, incidents requiring transport services, and a sub-category of transport services for individuals requiring services for life-threatening conditions. ⋯ A broad categorization of all EMS incidents by reason for requiring services indicates that the observed age-associated increase in utilization is due primarily to medical conditions rather than incidents arising from trauma. Finally, gender and racial/ethnic differences in utilization are briefly considered.